The silk carpet of Qom

A practical guide of buying Persian carpet

/0 Comments/in , /by

Iran is among the most professional oriental rug producer countries, known as the “rug belt”. The most famous and oldest carpet in the world, Pazyryk, woven in 400 BC in Persia, proves the brilliant background of the Iranian art of carpet weaving. The largest handwoven rug in the world was knotted in Tabriz by 230 weavers in 2019. Setting a new Guinness record for Iranian artists. The highest quality wool and handmade silk rugs are still produced in traditional Persian rug weaving workshops in Qom, Kashan, and Tabriz. Differentiating the various qualities of carpets for novices can be somehow confusing. It would be wise to get familiar with the wide variety of Persian hand-woven textiles before choosing one to buy.

Different types of Persian carpet

Tabriz Carpet

You’ve probably heard of Tabriz carpets since they made a name for their soft and silky quality. First, they have the most beautiful designs you could ever find on a carpet. Then, the Raw materials used in Tabriz carpets are usually wool and silk. People know Tabriz carpets for their vast diversity of designs (medallion, Herati/Mahi, figural, pictorial, and so on) in addition to preserving the highest technical standards. Turkish knots are usually used in these Persian carpets, which are woven in large sizes.

Iranian carpet

Tabriz woolen rug, with all those gorgeous designs.

Naein Persian Carpet

In hundreds of villages around Naein, locals weave Naein carpets. Traditional Naein carpets remind us of nomadic textiles, while the modern versions have more intricate and precise designs due to the high quality of the workshops in the area. Most Naein carpets have a knot density of between 300 to 700 knots per inch of Persian knot. The foundation of the Naein rug is usually cotton with very soft wool or just wool & silk pile dyed with natural colors. Therefore, this classic Persian carpet will be a fine choice if you want to fill a room with warmth and elegance.

Naein carpet

Traditional Naein carpets remind us of nomadic textiles

Qom Carpet

It is no surprise that the “Fine” word is always coming after the “Qom carpet” this exquisite carpet called silk flower. Weavers weave Qom carpets with fine silk yarns and precise patterns. Qom carpet is the most colorful Persian carpet, for sure. Despite the short history of the Qom carpet, without exaggeration, it is the most elegant and exquisite Iranian carpet. The Qom carpets will breathe new life into a soulless environment.

Persian carpet- The silk carpet of Qom

The most elegant and exquisite Iranian carpet

Qashqai Persian Carpet

Lastly, we have the astonishing Qashqai carpets. If you’re unfamiliar with Qashqai carpets, you’re in the right place. There is a touchable mental picture of nomad women on tribal rugs of Qashqai. These wool rugs owe their spontaneity and aliveness to the fact that they have been woven creatively without any pattern. Nomadic Qashqai women dissemble the simple story of their lives, mostly nature and animal pictures, in their textiles. Qashqai carpets are not only beautiful in themselves, but they also add beauty to any room where they lie.

Persian carpet- qashqaei carpet

carpet without any pattern

Pricing factors

knot density

There are many factors to measure the quality of a carpet. The most important among all is knot density. That is to say, the number of knots per unit of the surface area determines the quality. The most common units of knot density in Iran are KPSC(Knot Per Square Centimeter), KPSI(Knot Per Square Inch), and KPSM(Knot Per Square meter). The higher density of knots is proportional to the price. In addition, low-quality Persian carpets are woven with less than 120 KPSI, while high-quality ones are woven with more than 330 KPSI.

Persian carpet- Pazyryk rug

Pazyryk rug, the oldest rug in the world, remained in ice since 400BC.

Material

The finest Persian carpet material consists of golden, silver, and silk fibers. In exceptional cases, suchlike royal carpets, the weavers use gold and silver among the patterns. The most common material, silk fiber, allows more knots per square and makes the design look more precise. Although silk gives a beautiful appearance to the carpet, it can’t compete with wool in terms of strength.

Size

Oriental rugs usually come in relatively standard sizes. “Ghali” in Persian, are carpets larger than 6 square meters. Ghali comes in a rectangular shape and particular sizes. Most products are 3*4 sqm/ 2*3 sqm, and the less common size is 5*7 sqm. It goes without saying that the bigger the carpet size, the higher the price.

Are you planning to travel to Iran? Check out our Iran tours.

Saffron

Iran lux souvenirs: Caviar, Saffron, turquoise + Photos

/0 Comments/in , /by

Traveling to Iran and not bringing back souvenirs with you, is like being in Santa’s house, but not taking your present. Each region in Iran has particular handicrafts and souvenirs, but some are among the most special ones. As they are almost expensive, there might be some fake simples in stores. Stick with us to know how to recognize the originals!

Turquoise

The Turquoise stone is extracted almost around the world, but the most famous turquoise-made jewelry belongs to the range by the quality: Iran, Tibet, and the USA. Iran has remained the most important source of turquoise for at least 2000 years. The finest turquoise in Iran extracts from Neyshabur mines. the original Neyshabur turquoise has some qualities which are not found in other types. Here are some points to differentiate valuable turquoise stone from the fake ones.  The turquoise is categorized in different groups based on its color, the veins and the mines it’s extracted from.

Iranian Turquoise

Iran lux souvenirs – the original Neyshabur turquoise has some qualities which are not found in other types

Types of turquoise

  • Based on color:
    Turquoise has a very wide color spectrum. From the pale to the greenish-blue.  The stronger the blue shade is, the more valuable that’ll be.
  • Based on the mine which is extracted from:
    Respectively the mines of Neyshabur, Damghan, and Kerman produce the finest turquoise in Iran. To make sure that the turquoise you’re buying is original ask for identifications or check precisely the veins and color.
  • Based on veins:
    Some turquoises have veins, while others are perfectly homochromatic and blue with no streaks or fractures on their surface. Although neither of the mentioned types has superiority over another in terms of stone quality, the golden veins turquoises also called spider turquoises are usually more popular.


How to make sure the turquoise is original?

To differentiate the original Iranian turquoise from the fakes is totally difficult even for professionals. But there are some easy tips for shoppers to identify the counterfeit stone.

  • Turquoise stone generally turns Blue, chrome or vanadium green or in the range of pale blue to greenish-blue as well as yellowish-green, because of the existence of copper and iron in its Chemical Formula.
  • The original turquoise color should somehow be opaque. The exaggerated glossy stone arouses suspicion.
  • The High-quality turquoise is almost blue sky. Even though the original turquoise of Neyshabur might have some black veins or spots on it.
  • You can heat a needle or key on the lighter and then put it on the stone. If it smells like resin or plastic and leaves a deep trace on the turquoise, it absolutely is fake.
  • Scrape slightly the surface of turquoise with a sharp needle-shaped object. The original turquoise doesn’t get scratched this way and it can also scratch the glace no matter what its shape is.

How to take care of turquoise jewelry?

Being scratched, exposure to hot water, chemicals, and household detergents are the main hazards for the fine turquoise. Follow the instructions to take good care of your turquoise:

  • The turquoise should not be in contact with lotions, body oils or perfumes. Otherwise, it changes color.
  • Remove the turquoise jewelry while washing your hands. Detergents and chlorine-containing water damages turquoise.
  • Avoid polishing or contacting turquoise stone with greasy substances.

The most reliable way to buy turquoise is to buy it from Mashhad (Reza Bazar) and Neyshabur.

Iranian Caviar

The southern coast of the Caspian Sea, part of Iran, is a natural habitat for sturgeon species that has provided clean water, abundant nutrition, and an ideal environment for the growth of these species. About 90% of the natural caviar marketed in the world comes from the Caspian Sea. These fish, having a cartilaginous structure from prehistoric times, have remained the same, as many biologists call this fish a living fossil. There are 27 species of “sturgeon” in the world, 5 of them are found in the Caspian Sea :

  • The Beluga sturgeon
  • The Starry sturgeon
  • The  Russian sturgeon
  • The Persian sturgeon
  • The golden sturgeon
Iranian Caviar

Iran lux souvenirs – the Caspian Sea, part of Iran, is a natural habitat for sturgeon species

As we all know the Sturgeons are endangered and rare and it takes that Sturgeons a long time to develop roe. That’s why caviar has always been rare and expensive.  Despite being expensive, the Caviar has always been demanded because of its numerous properties. This makes the fraudsters think of producing artificial caviar. Read the following tips and be precise while buying this Iran souvenir:

  • The fake caviar beads are black and exaggerated translucent, while the real caviar beads are somehow grayish and opaque.
  • The real caviar beads are not perfectly round and have no adhesion, actually, they are more oval-shaped. But the fake caviar has a smooth, round and sticky surface. The raw material of such a product is paraffin which is not nutritionally valuable and is even detrimental to health. The paraffin made beads melt and stick together in case of being kept in a warmer place.
  • Counterfeit black caviar is usually dyed artificially and repels if left for a while.
  • Lower prices and large volumes of packages and amateur colorful package designs are the most obvious signs of a fake product.
  • The color of caviar is mostly in black, gray, white and gold, in Iran.
  • Note that if you buy a product in Iran and the package has Russian or Turkish notes on it, it is likely to be fake.

The most reliable Caviar brands in Iran are Raibod caviar, Talesh caviar, Mira’s caviar, and culture group. All mentioned companies have the possibility of online shopping.

Saffron

Almost 90 percent of the world’s saffron is produced in Iran, for 3000 years. This magic spice, with the enchanting odor, is called  “the red gold” in Iran. The best quality of the spice of joy grows in the northeast of Iran, Khorasan province. It is not so easy to differentiate the real and fake saffron, but keeping the followings in mind can give you a clue :

Iranian saffron

Iran lux souvenirs – The best quality of the spice of joy grows in the northeast of Iran, Khorasan province

  • Slide a small amount of the saffron, in a paper, if the oil is extracted from the saffron it’s fake, but being powdered with no trace of oil indicates the pureness of saffron.
  • Original saffron has a lower coloring speed than counterfeit saffron. Put some saffron in boiling water, and wait for 5 minutes if the color of the silks didn’t turn white, it’s original. If the silks turn white within 5 minutes, it absolutely is fake.
  • The normal silk of saffron shouldn’t be too glossy, being too glossy means it’s not pure.
  • The taste and odor of saffron is a sort of constant indicator itself. The taste of the original saffron is a bit bitter but it has a pleasant aroma.

The most reliable and famous saffron in Iran belongs to these companies: Keshmoon group, Bahraman Saffron and Saharkhiz.

Are you planning to travel to Iran? Check out our Iran tours.

Iran Bazaars Tehran

Best Iran Bazaars: from Tehran bazaar to Tabriz bazaar

/0 Comments/in , , , /by

Iran bazaars are among the astonishing tourist attractions that will amaze tourists and travelers with their various colors, flavors, and fragrances. There are many attractive subjects for photography and more important than photos, it is a place to keep in touch with people from different social and economic classes all wandering in bazaars to exchange goods and greetings, to do business, to pray, and simply to have some tea.

The traditional Iranian bazaar is a roofed complex of shops, passageways, caravanserais, bathhouses, and squares. It is not limited to business and commercial acts, it is a place for relationships. It is a place that provides the opportunity for individuals to discuss and exchange opinions. In fact, bazaars are for commercial, social, cultural, religious, and political activities. For Iranians, the bazaar looks like Piazaa for the Europeans and Hiroba for the Japanese. Not only does Iran embrace traditional bazaars as roofed complexes of shops and passageways, but also it embraces great malls and modern bazaars as the more entertaining parts of the major Iranian cities. The bazaar is the heart of Iranian cities leading to urban growth and it has provided a strong social and physical network constructed through the ages.

Best Iran Bazaars to witness Persian art, architecture, history, and culture

The astonishing Iran Bazaars

The word ‘bazaar’ has a very long history and its use in Iranian towns and cities may date back to 300 B.C. (Kermani & Luiten, 2009). The origin of the term bazaar refers to the ancient Persian word Wazar. It is defined as a place for trade with two rows of shops connected to each other by a vaulted roof. Bazaar is also one of the most prominent socio-spatial systems of Iranian cities. The bazaar is one of the main factors of spatial organization in Iran and it is impossible to define the main body of the city, especially in traditional cities without it.

The structure of traditional cities in Iran is based on its bazaars’ economic and political factors. In Iran, the traditional bazaars usually have a linear form, and other spaces and buildings such as mosques, and bathrooms are organized along this linear form.  Many cities grew around bazaars and the bazaars were always surrounded by mosques, bathhouses, tea houses and etc. The role of bazaars in the structure of Islamic cities is so important that some believe that bazaars are the main core of Islamic cities; however, some others believe that the main core refers to the Jameh mosque at the city center.

As it was mentioned, Iran bazaars are not just a place for commerce. The traders and merchants had the economic power to support social, political, and religious movements, therefore, they were among the most influential groups of people in the traditional urban society. That is why bazaars were also places to make and support social, political, and religious movements, and Bazaariha-a merchant and trader- has been a vital part of the movements and protests in Iran.

Best Iran Bazaars to witness Persian art, architecture, history, and culture

Find rugs, carpets, jewelry, spice, and copper in Iran’s Bazaars

Fantastic architecture, great construction, long history, and amazing people are all combined together to create a mesmerizing atmosphere in the bazaars of Iran. Each city has its own bazaar; however, some of the bazaars are well known either for their perfect architecture or their strategic location.

To have such a perfect experience and to purchase priceless handicrafts as souvenirs, travel to Iran, and visit the best bazaars in Iran.

Tehran Grand Bazaar

Tehran Grand Bazaar has roots in the Safavid, Zandiyeh, and Qajar periods; however, the major parts of the Tehran Bazaar were constructed in the Qajar period. The intertwined labyrinthine of Tehran Bazaar one of the most beautiful parts of Tehran is an amazing tourist attraction where one will find everything such as colorful carpets, priceless jewelry, aromatic herbs, delicious food, and delicious nuts and shells. That is the place one would find people from all walks of life.

Iran Bazaars

Tehran Grand Bazaar is one of the fundamental business hubs of Iran

Tehran Grand Bazaar is one of the fundamental business hubs of Iran and it has an amazing economic structure. It is divided into many parts each of which is dedicated to a special business. There are many serays (alleys,), caravanserais, hojrehs (shops), and so forth. It has also had a historic role in political, cultural, and social changes. The Iranian constitutional revolution is one of the most important historical events in which bazaaris had an important role. Tehran Grand Bazaar has elaborate architecture and structure as well. The shops at rows are connected to each other by the arched roof and there are different alleys for each of the businesses. It also encompasses other traditional buildings such as coffee houses, zorkhaneh, bathhouses, mosques, and so forth. One could visit the old and historical restaurants and coffee houses in the bazaar and enjoy having some delicious Persian food there. Tehran Grand Bazaar is close to Golestan Palace as well. Then, you will have the chance to visit one of the UNESCO World Heritage sites and listen to the history of Tehran.

Tajrish Bazaar

Tajrish Bazaar located north of Tehran is also one of the colorful bazaars of Iran. It is less chaotic than Tehran Bazaar and it is close to some other tourist attractions such as Imamzadeh Saleh as one of the holy shrines in Tehran, Darband, and Darakeh the northern mountains of Tehran, Niavaran Palace, and Saadabad Palace as the fantastic remains of Pahlavid era in Tehran. It is a tourist-friendly spot for shopping, relaxing, drinking tea, and enjoying the view of the mountains. Tajrish Bazaar has a central square that sells fresh fruits and vegetables, Persian sweets, and many aromatic herbs. It has many passageways reaching different shops where one can buy sweets and savories, dairy, nuts, dried fruits, clothes, and so forth. If one has the chance to be in Iran before Nowruz, Tajrish Bazaar would be a perfect place to enjoy the hustle and bustle of the New Year.

Tajrish Bazaar, Tehran

The vivid atmosphere of Tajrish Bazaar, Tehran

Tabriz Bazaar

Tabriz Bazaar is the oldest bazaar in Iran and one of the oldest ones in the Middle East.  As a historic bazaar constructed and decorated with many arcades, red bricks, and stucco, it is registered as a priceless UNESCO World Heritage Site. It has been a place for commercial and cultural exchange since antiquity. Located on the Silk Road as one of the most fundamental east-west trade routes, the Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex embraces a series of covered brick structures and enclosed spaces each dedicated to a different function.

Tabriz and its historic bazaar were famous when the city was the capital of the Safavid dynasty, later it lost its fame, but it remained as a commercial hub for centuries. It is one of the best traditional bazaars well known both as a place for commerce and a place for social gatherings, religious practices, and political movements. It is true to say Tabriz Historic Bazaar is one of the most important commercial, social, cultural, and architectural complexes among bazaars, and over centuries, it is a place for people from different cultures to gather together in a unique environment.  As a fantastic example of a multi-functional complex, architectural structures are shaped by commercial activities.

Tabriz Bazaar, Iran

The Great Carpet Bazaar in Tabriz, Iran

In 2010, UNESCO declared Tabriz Bazaar a World Heritage Site playing the role of a commercial hub located along the ancient Silk Road. Centuries before, great travelers such as Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta praised Tabriz Bazaar in their travelogues describing it as one of the most beautiful bazaars in the world. Tabriz Bazaar is located in the center of the city and it consists of several subbazaars each dedicated to selling some specific goods such as Persian rugs, carpets, jewelry, spice, and copper. However, Amir Bazaar for gold and jewelry, and Mozzafarieh for carpet are among the well-known sub-Bazaars. Tabriz Bazaars has an important role in political changes too. The Iranian Constitution Revolution in the last century and the Islamic Revolution are the most important ones.

Vakil Bazaar

Vakil Bazaar (Bazaar-e-Vakil) located in Shiraz, the city of love and poetry, is one of the most beautiful bazaars in Iran. It was constructed about 200 years ago by the order of Karim Khan the king of the Zand period.

Vakil Bazaar is located in the center of the traditional part of Shiraz and it enjoys vaulted brick avenues known as the masterpiece of Zand Architecture. It was designed so elaborately that the interior part remains cool during hot summer days and warm during long-lasting winters. The vaulted brick ceiling keeps it cool or warm in different seasons by regulating the temperature.

Vakil Bazaar, Shiraz

The great architecture of Vakil Bazaar, Shiraz

Vakil Bazaar is an amazing place to wander around for hours and enjoy purchasing lots of souvenirs varying from colorful carpets and clothes to gorgeous handicrafts and diverse spices. Vakil Bazaar is one of the main attractions of Shiraz and it is a great part of the Zandieyeh Complex that also includes the Vakil Bathhouse, Vakil Mosque, and Arg of Karim Khan. To experience some sweet moments there, one should drink a cold glass of Khakishir a popular detoxing seed-based drink, or have a full bowl of Faloodeh a delicious combination of rice noodles, iced rose water, and sugar. Nasir al-Mulk Mosque, Zinat-ol-Moluk House, and Shahe-Cheragh are also attractions close to Vakil Bazaar.

 The Grand Bazaar of Isfahan

The Grand Bazaar, also known as the Qeysarrieh Bazaar, is one of the historical bazaars of Iran located in Isfahan. Being adjacent to Naghshe Jahan Square as a UNESCO World Heritage site and also as a reminder of the glory of the Safavid era, it is a must-see attraction in Isfahan.  The Grand Bazaar is one of the oldest and longest roofed bazaars in Iran as well as the Middle East linking the old region of the city to its new one. The architecture of the Grand Bazaar of Isfahan enchants visitors with its elaborate details, vaulted roofs, and beautiful alleys. One needs to stroll around to enjoy it all and to find priceless handicrafts such as carpets, kilims, Minakari, and Qalamzani.  The bazaar has many alleys and lanes. Each of the lanes is an entrance to many shops selling particular goods such as carpets, kilims, gold, silver, spices, herbs, handicrafts, etc. That is a great experience to walk along vaulted pathways, enjoy the scents and colors, watch and chat with people, and buy some souvenirs in the Grand Bazaar of Isfahan.

Qeysarrieh Bazaar, Isfahan

The Grand Bazaar, also known as the Qeysarrieh Bazaar in Isfahan

 

Grand Bazaar of Kerman

The Grand Bazaar of Kerman, one of the oldest and most extensive bazaars in Iran, dates back to the Safavid era, with sections added during the Zand and Qajar periods. This bustling marketplace is not only a hub of commerce but also a living museum that showcases the rich cultural and architectural heritage of Kerman. The bazaar is a labyrinth of interconnected alleys, each dedicated to a specific trade, such as spices, carpets, and copperware. Among its highlights is the Ganjali Khan Complex, an architectural masterpiece that includes a mosque, bathhouse, caravanserai, and a stunning courtyard. This complex, built in the early 17th century, reflects the exquisite artistry of Safavid architecture and remains a must-see for visitors.

The Grand Bazaar of Kerman is located at the heart of the city, making it easily accessible for locals and tourists. The bazaar is open from 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM every day except for Fridays, which typically closes around noon for religious observances. The main entrance to the bazaar can be found at Shohada Square, Kerman, Iran. Visitors are advised to explore the bazaar in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat, especially during the summer months.

Bazaars of Yazd

The five-thousand-year-old city of Yazd is one of the greatest adobe cities in the world. Yazd has been inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List as a priceless adobe city embracing many pre-Islamic and Islamic attractions.  The bazaars of Yazd are among the most astonishing attractions one should never miss. The old bazaars of Yazd with their outstanding Islamic architecture, gorgeous wind catchers, and minarets are among the astonishing attractions one should not miss. The bazaars of Yazd as both historical attractions and business hubs and they include mosques, caravanserais, schools, and water reservoirs.

The bazaars of Yazd

The bazaars of Yazd as both historical attractions and business hubs

Bazaars are the right place to enjoy and buy traditional handicrafts and souvenirs such as handmade jewelry, painted tiles, termeh, silk and wool handwoven fabric, pottery, carpets, and rugs. Darvazeh Mehriz Bazaar, Tabrizian Bazaar, Zargari Bazaar, Mesgari Bazaar, Panjeh Ali Bazaar, Haji Qanbar Bazaar, Qeisariyeh, and Bazaar-e-Khan are among the most significant bazaars of Yazd. Haji Qanbar Bazaar included in the Amir Chakhmaq complex is the oldest Bazaar of Yazd, and Qeisariyeh located between Khan Square and Khan School is the most beautiful bazaar of Yazd. Qeisariyeh is among the most famous bazaars in Iran and it is protected by two exquisite wooden gates.

Last Words

Iranian bazaars are more than just markets; they are vibrant hubs of culture, history, and community life, making them a top highlight of any trip to Iran. Whether you’re exploring the winding alleys of the Grand Bazaar in Tehran, admiring the stunning architecture of Isfahan’s Naqsh-e Jahan Square, or experiencing the lively atmosphere of Shiraz’s Vakil Bazaar, these bazaars offer an authentic glimpse into the daily lives of Iranians. They are places where tradition meets modernity, where you can find everything from exquisite handicrafts to aromatic spices. Visiting these bazaars is not just about shopping; it’s about completely engaging in the vibrant cultural fabric of Iran, which makes it a must-have experience for any traveler.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran Travel Agency? Check out our Iran tours and feel free to contact us.

Qalamzani

Qalamzani (Ghalamzani), Iranian Ancient Metalwork Art

/0 Comments/in , , /by

Qalamzani (also Ghalamzani) is an Iranian ancient metalwork art. It is engraving by chisels and hammers on different metals such as gold, silver, copper, brass, and some alloys. Its origin dates back to 5-7 thousand years ago; though its documented history goes back to the Sassanid era, about 700 A.D.

In the Achaemenid era, the golden age of metalworking, different methods of metalworking developed so greatly that influence over the next centuries and millenniums.

After Islam, Qalamzani was still prevalent in Persia. Unique bird and animal-shaped vessels have survived during this period. Qalamzani was chiefly flourished in the Seljuk and Safavid dynasties. One of the most special metalwork in the Seljuk period was inlaying silver and red copper on brass and bronze.

Qalamzani, the Iranian Ancient Metalwork Art

Qalamzani Plate

During the Safavid period, one of the specific designs was the inscriptions of Shiite Imams’ names. Utensils made of copper and bronze, as well as steel doors and windows for religious and sacred places, were common in this era. The designs mostly included winged animals with lion heads, plants and birds, the courtier parties and fights and hunting, dancers, musicians, and musical instruments, engraved on gold and silver. Safavid metalwork was produced so elaborately that gained the world’s reputation, and it was exported to different parts of the world at that time.

Qalamzani, the Iranian Ancient Metalwork Art

Qalamzani bowl with the bird and flower design

Though there are different methods for Qalamzani, all of them have the same process.

To engrave, the craftsman covers the backside of the work with tar to prevent making much noise or puncture. Then, the favorite design is copied on the surface of the work. When the designs are engraved, the craftsman detaches the tar by heating, and then covers the grooves and the chiseled area with charcoal powder. The designs usually include geometric, natural, human, animal shapes, and miniature. After cleaning and polishing the black lines, the design appears on the surface of the work.

Qalamzani is usually done on plates, trays, vases, etc. Different tools are used for Qalamzani such as various chisels, hammers, anvil, calipers, bending machines, and so on.

Qalamzani, the Iranian Ancient Metalwork Art

Iranian Qalamzani on metal

Two main styles of Qalamzani in Iran include Tabriz and Isfahan styles. In Tabriz style, the pressure for moving the chisel and engraving is done by the pressure of the wrist, and in Isfahan style, it is done by hammering.

There are some workshops in Isfahan as the main center of Qalamzani. Travel to Iran could be a great opportunity for those who wish to see this ancient art. It is also recommended as an exquisite Iran souvenir for the tours to Iran.

Minakari or Enameling, the glorious Iranian handicraft

Minakari or Enameling, the glorious Iranian Art

/0 Comments/in , , /by

Minakari or Enameling is one of the most glorious Iranian handicrafts. It is the art of painting and designing the surface of metals such as gold, silver, and copper by glazing colors and fire in the furnace (Sometimes, it is done upon the glass or ceramics too.) According to the orientalist scholar Arthur Pope, Minakari dates back to 1500 B.C. Its practice on metal appeared during 600-400 B.C.

Minakari is usually done on different utensils, such as vases and plates, picture frames, the doors and windows in holy shrines, pieces of jewelry, and small decorative objects, and combined with Khatam kari, Persian Miniature, Jewelry making, and other kinds of art. Different kinds of paints used in Minakari were taken from plants, minerals, and iron ore. Nowadays, chemical paints are often used. The craftsmen use gold, copper, and tin in combination with different chemical materials to make red, green, and yellow colors respectively.

Mina, meaning heaven in Persian, is a glass-like coating that can be fixed on different kinds of metals by heat. It is available in different colors, such as azure blue, reddish-purple, green, yellow, cyan, yellow, gold, and black. But Isfahan Minakari is usually known by the colors azure blue and turquoise or cyan.

enameling

Iranian Enameling, Iranian handicraft

A good point to recognize the genuine Mina is that there is no white color for Mina! Whenever it is needed, the craftsmen use the glazing under Mina on the crafts or scratch the painted parts with a sharp head instrument to reach the white color of the glazing. It can be useful for tours to Iran who wish to take Persian metalwork as a Iran souvenir to their land.

The designs for Minakari are usually traditional symmetrical patterns like arabesque, flower and bird on a floral background, and historical religious monuments. The more detailed complicated designs, the more expensive the craft would be. It can be washed with lukewarm water and a sponge.

There are two kinds of Minakari: Painted enamel, and Khanebandi (also called Charkhaneh).

Minakari

Persian enameling

The process of Minakari is as follows: First, the metal- nowadays usually copper- is shaped by the craftsman. Then, he covers it with a white glaze. Next, he puts the body into the furnace at a temperature of about 800˚ C, recoats it with a higher quality glaze, and heats it again. This process is usually repeated three to four times. Now, the craftsman can design and paint the metal body. Finally, the craftsman sends the painted metal dish to the furnace to stabilize the color.

The different tools used during this process include a furnace, pliers, a press machine, a very fine brush or pen, and so on.

From among the samples of ancient Iranian Enameling, there are Sassanid plates discovered in Armenia, kept in Islamic Arts Museum, Berlin. One of the oldest samples of Minakari is a pair of earrings, discovered in Nahavand, dating back to 800-700 B.C. An Achaemenid gold armband ornamented with Minakari is exhibited in Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Minakari reached its peak at the time of the Seljuk period. Enameled brass dishes were common at that time and were exported to other neighboring countries too. During the Mongols period, Persian Minakari witnessed great changes, and the Arabic inscriptions turned into pictures of the garment and appearance of the Persian courtiers. At the time of Safavids, arabesque designs were added to the designs, and the red color was used more than ever. The prevalent designs were the royal banquets, hunting, and horse riding on the silver.

Iranian handicraft

Persian Enameled utensil

At the time of Qajar, the art of Minakari declined. It was used mainly on the Hubble bubbles, as it was popular in the Qajar kings’ court. After the Qajar period, this forgotten art was revived again. At present, Isfahan is the center of Minakari in Iran. Most of the craftsmen do Minakari on gold the same style as the Qajar period. The most famous Isfahani master in enameling is Shokrollah Sani’zadeh who revived this invaluable art after World War I.

If you have decided to visit Iran, get more information on Iran visa.

Persian Carpet is the Narrator of Iranian Art and Cultures

Persian Carpet History & Types: All You Need To Know

/0 Comments/in , , /by

Iran has a universal reputation in carpet weaving. Persian carpet or Iranian rug, a heavy textile for decoration or home use, is one of the main features of Iranian culture and art as well as one of the leading exports. Woven in various types by nomads and workshops, it is the narrator of  Iranian arts and cultures, traditions, people, and lifestyles. Persian handmade carpets are well-known for their longevity, lavish textures, strong colors, and elaborate designs. They are characterized by natural dyes, traditional tribal patterns, as well as modern designs, but old techniques. The cities that are famous for their carpets include Isfahan, Nain, Kashan, Tabriz, Mashad, Kerman, and Qom.

In 2010, traditional skills of carpet weaving in Fars and Kashan were inscribed on the Representative List of the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Carpets of Kashan are made by Persian weaving style (known as asymmetrical knotting), so the backside of the carpet is evenly knotted. Carpets of Fars, woven by Iran nomads on the horizontal frame placed on the ground, and without any design.

The oldest known carpet in the world showing the long history of the art of carpet weaving is over two thousand years old Pazyric carpet, excavated in 1949. Whether it belongs to the Achaemenid craftsmen or the place where it was found, is still subject to controversy. Although Persian carpets were mentioned in historical writings before Christ, there are no surviving carpets from the Achaemenian and Parthian periods.

Persian Carpet; Narrator of Iranian Art and Culture

Persian Carpet

The exact time that Persians started to weave pile carpets is not known, but Persian carpets in the Sassanid period were used as covering for the floors in Persia, Anatolia, and Byzance. On the contrary, flat weaving was known during that era according to the history books and the textiles preserved in western museums and eastern monasteries, and burial sites. It is guessed that Baharestan Carpet in Ctesiphon was made in this way; a Sassanid hand-woven carpet using silk, gold, and silver threads, decorated with precious stones.

After Islam, magnificent Persian carpets, especially the silk ones, have been mentioned and adored by historians and writers from different lands at various times. As Islam prohibited using human motifs, carpet designs changed to floral and geometric patterns. It was the beginning of a new era of Persian carpet weaving.

During different eras, Persian carpets have experienced changes in style and design and Iranian weavers have combined new ideas with their old styles. In miniatures that remained from the Timurid period, carpets show colorful geometrical shapes and designs derived from Kufic calligraphy. No carpet woven before 1500 A.D. has survived.

Persian Carpet; Narrator of Iranian Art and Culture

 Persian Carpet-Kilim

The Persian carpets in the Safavid era were famous for their elaborate spectacular colors and designs. During this era, court manufactories and large workshops were established and the art of carpet weaving reached its peak. There are no early Safavid carpets survived, but later Safavid carpets still exist. The miniatures during the late 15th century show a considerable change in Persian carpet design and weaving. Simple straight lines turned into more elaborate designs such as more curves, large medallions, figures of flowers and animals, arabesques, and tendrils.

Persian carpets were so skillfully and finely woven in the Safavid era presented to the European countries as gifts, especially the silk ones woven by gold and silver threads. Ardabil Carpet, kept in the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, is one of the best examples of the old Persian carpets. Another distinguished carpet in the Safavid era is the Vase technique carpet attributed to Kerman.

In the Afsharid period, Mashad as the capital became the center of carpet weaving and Afsharid designs and motifs were created. These carpets are known for their large size, warm colors, and long life. In the Qajar dynasty, Tabriz was known as the center of the modern weaving style of Persian carpet.

In the late 19th century, synthetic dyes and commercial designs found their way into the old traditional style of carpet weaving.

In 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi founded the Iran Carpet Company. So, the carpet industry export was brought under government control.

Persian Carpet; Narrator of Iranian Art and Culture

Persian Carpet in Niavaran Palace

Nomadic rugs are different from carpet workplaces in design and way of weaving. The best-known type of Persian rug is called Gabbeh. In the 1980s, Gabbeh- at first woven by nomads- became popular in Europe.

Wool, cotton, and silk are the materials used for weaving the carpets. Traditional dyes are taken from plants and insects, such as Oak acorns, Indigo, and Madder. The looms are divided into horizontal and vertical. Horizontal looms are usually used by the nomads. Persian carpets are usually woven by two different knots: the symmetrical Turkish and the symmetrical Persian. Two famous kinds of flat-woven carpets include Kilim and Jajm.

The Persian carpet is one of the best Iran souvenirs for tours to Iran. There is a vast variety of styles and designs to satisfy all different kinds of tastes.

Are you planning to travel to Iran? Check out our Iran tours.

Iran handicrafts

Persian Handicrafts, the Best Souvenirs of Iran

/0 Comments/in , , /by

Since Iran is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and is home to so many tribes varying in culture, lifestyles, and traditions, it has produced a variety of handicrafts throughout history. Persian art of handicrafts goes beyond textile weaving. It includes Iranian metalworks, woodworks, pottery, Persian miniature, calligraphy, straw-made products, mosaic, and stone. Persian handicrafts, each narrating the stories of the culturally diverse populations in different parts of vast Iran, are among the best souvenirs for tours to Iran. Here we introduce you to some of the most stunning Iranian handicrafts.

Iranian Handicrafts

Iranian weavings are well-known for their antiquity, elegance, durability, and variety. The most famous one is the Persian carpet. It has been used as the covering for floors for thousands of years in Great Persia. Different geometrical shapes, medallions, tendrils, and figures of plants and animals woven with local materials specific to each area, inspired by the natural environment, are reminiscent of Persian gardens, full of flowers and birds. Persian rugs woven by nomads are different in style and design. The most prominent nomad rugs include Gabbeh, Kilim, and Jajim.

Handwoven Fabrics

Iranian fabric named Ghalamkar is made by hand drawing or printing using patterned wooden stamps. Termeh is another Iranian hand-woven cloth, primarily produced in Yazd. Its weaving is very delicate and time-taking. The most famous of the factories producing traditionally woven Termeh is Rezaei Termeh. Another kind of Persian weaving embroidery is Zardozi. The designs are made using gold and silver threads, pearls, and precious stones. Nowadays, copper wires, polished by gold or silver, and silk threads are used as well. It also includes Golduzi (embroidery stitches), Baluchi Suzanduzi (needlework), Seke duzi (shisha embroidery), Rashti Qollabduzi (a special kind of broderie), and Kermani Pateh duzi (a style of Iranian embroidery).

Handicrafts in Iran

Zarbaft Weaving, One of The Traditional Persian Handicrafts

Persian Metalworks

The beginning of Persian metalwork goes back to the Luristan bronzes. Iranian Metalworks include Minakari (Enamel working), Ghalamzani (also Qalamzani or Toreutics), and Firoozeh Koobi, wherein the metal is decorated with colorful coats and carved or hammered. Isfahan is well-known for its enamel artwork. Firoozeh Koobi is another Persian art that is a very popular Iranian handicraft. With the beautiful color of Turquoise used in the metals, they are among the best Iran souvenirs.

Iranian Woodcrafts

Woodworks in Iran comprise Moarragh or Moarraq (an Iranian handicraft made of small pieces of different woods) and wood carving. Khatam kari is another Persian art of marquetry dating back to the Safavid period. The artist decorates the wooden surface of the jewelry boxes, chessboards, desks, and suchlike with different shapes (generally star-shaped) of pieces of wood, bone, metal, and sometimes gold, silver, ivory, and brass. Sometimes it is combined with miniature to make a unique work of art.

handicrafts wood

Persian Handicrafts – A wooden handicraft decorated by the artistic hands of Iranian locals

Decorative Handicrafts

Persian tilework is one of the spectacular Iranian art crafts. In the past, Isfahan and Tabriz were the two main centers of the Iranian mosaic. Golestan Palace in Tehran is another outstanding example of Persian tilework for tours to Iran. The art of Miniature rose in Iran in the 13th century and continues to this day. It is a very detailed, usually tiny painting that requires great skill and proficiency and a thin brush to paint such detailed artwork. The best example of a modern Persian miniature is Frshchian’s. Persian calligraphy is another Persian art that has several styles. Iranian pottery, metalwork, and historic buildings often feature calligraphy. The art of calligraphy reached its peak in the illumination of the Quran, Shahnameh, Divan-e Hafez, and other well-known Iranian literature. Nastaliq is the most popular Persian calligraphy style, known as the “Bride of the calligraphy scripts”.

Best Souvenirs of Iran

Persian art goes beyond the abovementioned and includes stone carvings and mosaics. Turquoise Inlaying on jewelry or materials such as silver, copper, or brass is one of the most distinctive Iranian handicrafts. The turquoises of Mashhad and Nishapur have the most fame with the highest quality. Pottery and ceramics have a long history in Iran. The history of pottery dates back more than 6-7 thousand years ago in Susa, Tepe Sialk in Kashan, Jiroft, and Burnt City. Kalpuregan Museum in Sistan and Baluchestan province is known as the only live ceramic museum; because its working style has passed from generation to generation for over 5 thousand years without any change.

handicrafts in Iran- pottery

Persian Handicrafts – Pottery and ceramics have a long history in Iran.

Are you planning to travel to Iran? Check out our Iran tours.