Archive for category: Travel Blog

Zoorkhaneh is the house of strength, not only for the body but also for the soul and spirit. An ancient traditional Iranian sports club, dating back to the Zoroastrianism and Mithraism era (almost 700 years ago) where the athletes train rigorously with live music playing with Zarb (Persian drum) and poems of Shahnameh, the masterpiece epic book of Ferdowsi (ancient Iranian poet).

Zoorkhaneh Origin

As claimed by some people, the idea of zoorkhaneh began during the Arab invasion of Persia in the 7th century and led to the establishment of a secret society to liberate Persia. Young Persian males gathered in a place they called the zoorkhaneh and performed a ritual that included strenuous physical activities, weight lifting, and martial arts. Pahlevani and zourkhaneh rituals is the name inscribed by UNESCO for varzesh-e pahlavāni.

In the beginning, the zoorkhaneh was organized for political reasons; however, in the modern day, it is a gymnasium, sporting arena, and meeting house for male Iranian athletes. Zoorkhaneh Athletes were considered nobles in terms of the ranking after the reverends. And those who knew the ways of combat were highly respected by the public. These gymnasiums can be found in almost every Iranian city or town and even in neighboring countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, and Azerbaijan.

Zoorkhaneh in Iran

In the Iranian Culture, Zoorkhaneh is a sacred place where physical activity is combined with art and literature. Having a strong morality, devotion, and honorary manner is as important as having a strong body. The ritual is taken place in a building shaped as a dome with an octagonal recessed arena (Gowd) surrounded by terraced seats. The entrance door is short therefore when entering, everyone must bow their head to respect this place and people.

“Persian meels” are huge wooden clubs used for physical preparation for fights.

The Architecture of Zoorkhaneh

The interior structure of the house is built like the classical architecture of Persia with Aina-Kari (covering the wall with a mosaic of mirror-glass) as well as the portrait of Ali (the son-in-law of Prophet Mohammed) hanging on the wall. Before and after every session, the members pray upon Ali as a memory of him. Athletes (Bastankars) wear a special attire representing the ancient archeological Persian nobles and warriors, a tight leather breech without shirts.

The Traditional Music

Zoorkhaneh has its music, exercises, and equipment. An elder man, Morshed, or the master (Pishkesvat) who leads the ritual chants verses from the Shahnameh, evokes a sense of heroism and exhilaration within the members. With the sound of drumbeats and the clanging of a bell, the beautiful ritual commences.

Etiquette of Zoorkhane

Athletes of ten to twenty men stand around the arena (Gowd) to warm up and later perform exercises using metal shields (sang), chains that are simple iron weights (kabbadeh), and wooden Persian mils, followed by a Sufi-like whirling and juggling to build strength and stamina. The members move together with the drum beats of a goblet drum called Zarb.

The Morshed sits above the arena, a place called (sardam), and directs the pace of the movements by the rhythms played on the traditional drum. Push-ups are carried out by the members before wrestling. They rub oil over their bodies to slip out of their opponent’s clutches without difficulty.

Athletes of ten to twenty men stand around the arena to warm up and later perform exercises.

These exercises are very similar to eastern martial arts and are aimed to aid meditation and contemplation. Participants may be from different social backgrounds, but during the performance, the students are all taught about ethical values and courteousness under the leadership of the Morshed. Religion plays a significant role in this sacred place since the athletes who possess the ‘Seyed’ or ‘Sadat’ titles (their family tree roots back to the prophet of Islam) hold high esteem.

The Members Rank

In a Zoorkhaneh, the members progress and are ranked up by the guidance of the Morshed to the highest grade, known as the champion or Phalavan, who usually stands in the center and conducts this traditional performance. The Pahlavan is obligated to help the weak, praise his Lord and do good deeds, for he is regarded as a spiritual adept.

As mentioned, the members have different ranks based on their experience. The first grade begins after a year of participation in the House. The second grade is after three years of part taking, and the Morshed will recite a divine blessing (Salawat), meaning “peace be upon Him.” a salutation to Prophet Mohammed.

The members have different ranks based on their experience.

Within six years of participation, when the athlete is around the age of 18, he will receive the third grade. Upon entering the arena, the Morshed will say a Salawat for the student. Fourth-grade participants will receive their rank in 12 years of experience. The fifth is given to them after 15 years and the sixth after 18 years of involvement.

The Morshed will play the Zarb (drum) When the sixth-grade student steps inside the arena. The seventh-grade students receive the rank in 24 years. The Morshed will ring the bell while the student does the Sufi-whirling. Those who were present for 32 years will get the eighth-grade rank. The bell will cling every time this student steps in or out of the pit.

Finally, the ninth grade is the last rank where the student will attain the Pahlavan title after 45 years of practicing these unique physical exercises. This title is very rare, and only a few men possess such a high honorable rank.

Pahlevani Wrestling

An annual competition takes place in Iran known as the Pahlevani Wrestling, and the champion will earn a Bazouband which is an armband. Traditionally, the king gave the armband to the winner, but now the president of Iran has to award it. Gholamreza Takhti, one of the most popular Phalevans, is also known as Jahan Pahlevan, meaning world champion. He is a three times winner and an Olympic Gold medalist.

Zoorkhaneh Houses

Many Zoorkhaneh Houses are active in use all around the country. Here are some of the best ones to visit. Pahlavan Pour in Tehran, one of the oldest Zoorkhaneh in the capital, was established almost 100 years ago. Ali Mirza, located in Hamadan, is another great option to visit, which was initiated 200 years ago. Poolad in Shiraz was once a cistern and is now an old Zoorkhaneh from 160 years ago. An additional one is situated in Tehran named Shir, which is also from around 100 years ago.

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Imagine traveling the world on merely a bike and 90$ to spend. Only a brave soul could embark on a 10-year journey across the globe. Believe it or not, that is what the Omidvar brothers did back in 1954. Throwing their film-making gear on their bikes, they hit the road to see the most outlying people they could encounter. An extraordinary documentary of a vanished world was made of these people, cultures, and even countries that no longer exist.

Omidvar Brothers

Abdollah and Issa Omidvar, born after the Second World War, lived in the suburbs of Tehran. They have always had a taste for traveling and probing, inspired by the stories their father used to tell on the long nights of the winter. Their dream was to visit all the hidden corners of the world. In Iran, they were part of a mountaineering club with which they climbed Mount Damavand, the highest volcano in Asia. The Omidvars were not seasoned travelers, professional filmmakers, or elite members. They were two men in their early 20s who wanted to learn more about the world.

Why Traveling with Bike?

Issa participated in a speed and endurance race that ranged from Karaj to Tehran and won second place. Sometime later, he finished fourth among all the participants in a speed cycling race. Another reason that caused more motivation to travel by bicycle was the French cyclist Lionel Brans, who planned to go from Paris to Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, on a bike. He was passing through Tehran on the way and was welcomed by the mountaineers of the club. This meeting and acquaintance made Issa’s determination to travel by bicycle more.

Preparing for adventure

Issa decided to go on a motorbike trip to the west. He crossed the border of Iran to travel to Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. This four-month journey was exhausting with graveled and dangerous roads. Yet, he was welcomed by the people and finished his 4-month adventure. Meanwhile, his brother Abdollah was exploring southern Iran by bicycle with his friend. The Omidvars’ determination and gentle approach – outlined in their motto attached to their bikes, “All different, all relative” – was the perfect motive for their journey.

Omidvar brothers on their journey with their bikes

Start of an Endless Journey

The first journey of the Omidvar brothers took seven years, passing through Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India and traveling to Tibet, Southeast Asia, and Australia. After crossing the Pacific Ocean, they traveled to Alaska, North America, and South America. Finally, they arrived in Europe after crossing the Atlantic Ocean. After a brief trip home, a new round of adventure in a 2CV begins. They drove through Africa, managing to get the vehicle through the Congo and the challenging barrier of the Ituri forest.

Omidvar Brothers Documentary

During their trips to different parts of the world, the Omidvar brothers filmed their observations. They launched the documentary they made on various networks around the world. This documentary includes the life and adventures of these two brothers. They had to hang around the Africans, live alongside primitive and dangerous Amazonian tribes, and eat raw animal meat with the Eskimos. And when you ask them about the hardships of their journey, they say: travel makes a person resistant, and the more a person deals with problems, the more resistant he becomes.

Omidvar Brothers Museum

When their journey ended, Abdollah settled in Chile, founding a successful film company, and Issa returned to Iran as a celebrity. Then, in Tehran, in an 18th-century Pahlavi palace, he constructed a museum to house all the artifacts he and his brother had collected. Visiting artifacts, such as a real severed human head, monkey skulls, and elephant tusks will absolutely amaze you. It’s a place very much worth a visit. If you traveled to Iran, make sure to visit Omidvars museums to learn more about the adventures of these two world travelers.

Omidvar Brothers Book

This is the Omidvar Brothers travelogue. There is also an English version of this book available. If interested, you can order the book from their website http://www.omidvarbrothers.ir. You can learn anything and everything there is to know about their journey by reading this book. In the book, you will find pictures, maps, and memories of the brothers written in the book; these will fascinate you, as these can only be found in Omidvar Brothers Travelogue.

Omidvar Brothers: In Search of the World’s Most Primitive Tribes from 1954 to 1964.

The End of Omidvar Journey

According to the announcement of the Lamunda Cultural Center in Santiago, Chile, Abdollah Omidvar died on July 15, 2022, at the age of 89 in Chile. Abdollah Omidvar (1932-2022), a producer, filmmaker, and, most of all, the first Iranian adventurer who traveled to more than 100 countries and made up to 120 documentaries, is truly an icon in the hearts of Iranians.

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From ancient times, Iranian people have used hand-woven carpets to change their homes from a dull house to a beautiful one. When it comes to carpets, everybody knows about those masterpieces woven by the artistic hands of the Iranians. The Persian rug is that magical element that can turn every house into a mansion. People adore Persian carpets for their complicated designs, splendid colors, and incomparable art. If you want to know more about the Persian Carpets lying in the heart of every Iranian house, keep reading!

The history of the Persian rug

Before the art of carpet weaving thrived in today’s society, people used animal skins as a mat and a cover to protect themselves from the cold and wet environment to bring comfort and convenience to their families. As time passed and experiences were exchanged, weaving flourished, which is now developing and evolving in its present form. Carpet weaving began in Persia approximately 2,500 years ago as an art. The Pazyryk rug, which is the oldest carpet found on Earth, dates back to the 5th century BC. The patterns used in this carpet have been attributed to the Achaemenian Empire and the Iranians in those times. The density and quality of knots used in this carpet are still unique and impressive to many artists.
The Iranian carpet began to develop into traditional patterns over time and became a work of art, led to the development of carpet weaving as a form of art. Today, Iran is considered among the several great pioneers in Persian carpet.

The structure of the Persian Carpets

Iranian carpets are usually made of a mixture of wool and cotton. You can also find regions like Hamadan and Kurdistan that use camel hair for weaving carpets. Silk is also frequently used to make finely knotted ones in regions such as Qom and Tabriz, which are very popular among carpet lovers. Iranian original rugs are traditionally hand-knotted and consist of strings of warp and thousands of knots constituting the carpet’s weft. Many have floral designs with roaming tendrils and come in a wide variety of colors. Other valued Persian motifs include bold medallions, spandrels, repeating arabesques, borders often utilizing repeated Herati patterns of flowers, animals, or human figures. Every region of Iran has its own unique design, motifs, and even colors. We will try to introduce the most outstanding Iranian carpets.

Tabriz Carpet

One of the unique persian handicrafts in Tabriz is carpet weaving, which has world reputation. Carpet weaving in Tabriz started before the Safavid era and is still one of the oldest and most famous centers of hand-woven carpet weaving in the world. Unsurprisingly, it is still famous among foreign traders today. Tabriz carpets have been able to attract countless fans by using new colors and designs. In general, the layout and colors of Tabriz carpets have a great variety. One of the designs of Tabriz carpets, which has been very popular in both the past and today, is a four-season carpet that has many details and depicts the life of farmers through the seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Isfahan Carpet

The gorgeous city of Isfahan has many tourist attractions and magnificent architecture, so it is no wonder it is one of the most visited cities by tourists in Iran. In Isfahan, which is the main center of handicrafts in Iran, in addition to many works of art, unique carpets can be considered as souvenirs. Isfahan’s carpet designs are inspired by the magnificent architecture of the entire city. From city palaces and gardens to the tiles of the mosques. Other patterns, such as pictorial designs, human sketches and animal motifs, can also be seen in their works. The density of the knot is very high, and its thickness is low, so they are considered high quality and exquisite carpets.

Yazd Carpet

From the early 1930s, Kermani merchants began to produce Yazdi carpets for sale in the European and American markets. Yazd handmade carpets and rugs are very high quality and are highly durable; so many people would like to buy them. Yazdi carpets have elastic and bergamot designs and often an invariant background and free margins and sometimes designs imitating Kashan carpets. The main popular characteristic of Yazd’s handmade carpets is the traditional design, the bergamot centered in the middle of the carpet. You can rarely find a Yazdi carpet with small bergamots scattered all over the carpet.

Nain Carpet

This carpet is made of fluff instead of wool, and it is known for its short pile and light and matte background colors with bergamot designs. Typically, Nain carpets are dyed red, blue, or beige on the surface. The resemblance of Nain rugs to the nearby city of Isfahan is undeniable. High knot density and fineness in texture can vividly be seen in this region’s carpets. A typical carpet design in Nain city is a medallion design in the center of the rug along with Islamic motifs or flower designs. Remarkably, fine Nain rugs are made entirely of silk. Obviously, these silk carpets have higher prices than those made of wool.
As you can see, it is no surprise that the Iranian carpet has earned a worldwide reputation. If you are interested in art and handicraft, particularly the art of carpets, Iran Doostan offers some tours where you will get the opportunity to meet the nomads and how they make carpets.

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Clothing is one of the things that changes over time for various reasons, particularly traditional clothing. But some rural’s and nomad clothes remain unchanged, and local people wear the local costume of their village. One of the most beautiful cultural attractions of any city is its local clothing. As a rich-cultural land, Iranian tribes’ clothing is quite rich and diverse, every region has its own costume that will be explained in this article.

Qashqai Clothing

Qashqai tribe is one of the Iranian tribes that live in Fars province. The most important moral characteristics of Qashqai men and women are simplicity and purity, perseverance, and courage. Happiness and vitality are prominent features of the Qashqai people, the effect of which can be seen in the clothes of these people. So, most of them are colorful and have unique and beautiful designs. One of the positive features of Qashqai women’s local clothes is that they protect their bodies from cold and heat. Anyone can buy these clothes according to their budget. Also, men’s original Qashqai clothes have a special beauty and will not bother their mobility. Nomadic women use a fabric called Charqad to cover their hair. This fabric, which acts as a scarf, is very delicate and has rare designs. All Qashqai men should always wear a hat, double-edged made of felt.

Bakhtiari

The Bakhtiari tribe has one of the most original and beautiful Iranian tribes’ clothing. Their clothes correspond to their lifestyle and type of activity. Bakhtiari women’s local clothes have a significant variety and differ in the type of fabric, sewing, and decorations. They wear colorful clothes with various designs in daily life, migration, parties, and weddings. Beaded and sequined embroidery of Bakhtiari clothes shows the great taste and skill of Bakhtiari people in sewing clothes. Whether in weddings or mourning ceremonies, men’s clothes are Chogha and Tonban and hats, and only the shirt under the Chogha differs in color. Each dress may represent a specific stratum because of an acquisition of social status based on clothing. Wealthy Bakhtiari people wear long fluffy hats called Khosravi hats and Chogha Kiarasi, but cheap and raw materials are used by the lower classes of society.

The Bakhtiari tribe has one of the most original and beautiful Iranian tribes’ clothing.

Turkman

Turkman clothing is usually made of silk, leather, linen, and cotton. Turkman women are responsible for raising silkworms and preparing cocoons and dyeing them with natural dyes such as seeds and bark of pomegranate, indigo, and other desert plants. Turkman men’s clothing consists of parts such as trousers, hats, and shoes. Traditional trousers are of two types: Balaq or Tonban, which is a loose cotton Tonban, and Jolbar which are often worn by older men at festivals. Turkman women have four types of clothing, including home clothes, work clothes that are commonly used for baking bread and agricultural work, city clothes for leaving the house, and formal clothes for attending parties. It is interesting to know that hat is another type of clothing that is usually used after marriage as a sign of being married.

Kurdish

Kurdish men’s and women’s clothes are beautiful and available in various colors and are made of different parts and high-quality materials. They have special etiquette in covering and even wearing a scarf or shawl. You can find out the social class and the level of family finances according to the color, shape, material, and ornaments. Kurdish women’s clothing has beautiful decorations that can not be found in men’s clothing. They are based on various popular beliefs. They are mostly made of silk, velvet, and satin, which are decorated with sequins, stone, tapestry, and beads. Kurdish women tie shawls around their waists. These shawls come in a variety of colors and are woven from a beautiful fabric that is sometimes ribbon-shaped and sometimes square. Kurdish men’s clothing is often loose to make it easy to walk through mountains and difficult routes. The color, design, and model of each dress are different according to the weather and its use in work or ceremonies, and celebrations. Men’s clothing is much simpler than women’s clothing and is usually made of one color like brown, blue, or gray.

Kurdish women tie shawls around their waists.

Azeri

Clothing for the people of Azerbaijan is not just simple clothing but also tells a thousand points about the ancient history and culture of the people of this region. The abundance of raw materials in this ancient land has led to the development of weaving with wool and silk. Women are more interested in silk or velvet clothes, and men often wear woolen fabrics. Young girls’ clothes have bright and cheerful colors decorated with jewelry, but older women wear clothes with soft colors and little embellishments. Of course, in aristocratic and wealthy families, most clothes, including Bork and vests are more decorated with coins. In the past, the clothes of most Azeri men were made of white shirts with sleeves and a round collar, but after 1314, their clothing gradually changed a lot.

Balooch

Balooch clothes are from the original Iranian tribe’s clothing, which gives you a poetic feel. Balooch needlework is a delicate and long-standing art. The designs are exclusively geometric, which arise from the combination of lines and shapes. They are divided into several categories: plant motifs, cosmic motifs, and animal motifs. The clothing of Balooch men and women is simple and at the same time, beautiful and suitable for the hot climate of Baloochistan. Balooch men’s clothing usually includes a long shirt and baggy pants. the unique art of needlework is used in sewing and decorating women’s clothes, which is displayed on the chest, sleeves, and edges of the pants. Interestingly, what completes the beauty of Balooch women’s clothing is jewelry ornaments, which is also one of the traditional and original arts of the region. Balooch women attach great importance to jewelry.

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