Archive for category: Travel Blog

The Achaemenid Empire was one of the ancient Iranian dynasties before Islam and belonged to the Parsa dynasty. They traced their lineage to Achaemenid and named their dynasty after him. Although the Achaemenids were ruled by other kings before Cyrus the Great, Cyrus the Great is considered the founder of the Achaemenid dynasty due to Cyrus’s defeat of the Medes and the conquest of Lydia and Babylon, which turned the Achaemenid dynasty into a vast empire. Join us in this article to learn more about the magnificent Achaemenid Empire.

Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus II, founder of the Achaemenid dynasty and commonly referred to as Cyrus the Great, ascended the throne in 550 BC, succeeding his father Cambyses I. He united various tribes under his rule. Although the Assyrians had not been able to eliminate Cyrus during his childhood, but when the uprising became clear, he was summoned to the court.

Cyrus refused and caused the Assyrians to declare war against him. The army of the Medes, who were dissatisfied with the cruelty of their king, joined the forces of Cyrus. Cyrus easily defeated the Median king and captured Ecbatana.

After ruling for eleven years, Cyrus also conquered Babylon in 546 BC. He founded Pasargad in the same year and established it as the capital of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. By the time of his death, Cyrus had extended the Achaemenid Empire to the farthest reaches of the known world.

As a wise and great ruler, Cyrus respected different cultures and used innovative methods of governance that enhanced the longevity of his empire.

Cambyses

After Cyrus, Cambyses came to power. Cambyses proved to be a capable ruler and conquered Egypt during his reign. However, the most significant event during this period was the mysterious death of Cambyses, which destabilized his political reign. Due to the suspicious circumstances of Cambyses’s death, which some considered to be a form of suicide, a dispute arose between him and the possible heirs to the throne. Finally, Darius the Great came to the throne from another branch of the Achaemenid dynasty.

Darius

Darius is often considered the greatest Achaemenid king. During his reign, he made many reforms and suppressed many uprisings. He expanded the borders of the Achaemenid Empire to the West and East and clashed with the Scythians in southern Russia.

The greatness of his achievements can be seen in the famous Behistun Inscription. He sought to solidify his political control in the West by conquering India. The war between Persia and Greece began during the reign of Darius and reached its peak with the defeat of the Persian Empire by the Greeks in 475 BC.

The first of these wars, known as the Battle of Marathon, ended without results, and Darius passed away before it ended.

Xerxes

After Darius, Xerxes came to power. Xerxes followed the war between Iran and Greece. In the summer of 479 BC, after suffering three consecutive defeats in the battles of Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale, he was forced to retreat from Asia Minor. During this period, there was a rebellion in Babylon, and Xerxes decided to deal with it. But he also failed in Babylon. It is noteworthy that Xerxes did not mention any of these events in his inscriptions, while the Greek sources exaggerated these defeats.

A close examination of the historical sources shows that Xerxes’ defeats in Greece and Babylon dealt a significant blow to the structure of his empire. It was after these defeats that the Greeks began to overthrow the Iranian satrapies in Anatolia, which resulted in the penetration of Greek culture in these regions. Xerxes was killed in a court conspiracy in 465 BC.

The Peak of Achaemenid Political Power

The peak of Achaemenid power was during the time of Darius the Great. Darius was a pragmatic and far-sighted ruler with a strong will and determination. He carefully selected government officials, military commanders, and other administrators and showed great sensitivity in this field.

Darius reformed the Achaemenid imperial system and created new organizational structures. During his time, the Achaemenid Empire experienced its greatest extent. But due to the incompetence of his successors, his efforts were fruitless after that.

Darius revised the laws of the empire and laid the foundation for new regulations to maintain peace within the country. He imposed a fair tax on estates and properties and ordered landowners to pay taxes based on the volume of their produce. In addition, Darius ensured the safety of the roads and improved and repaired the highways.

The royal road of the Achaemenid Empire connecting Sardis with Susa was built by Darius. The road stretched for 2,500 km and had more than 100 caravanserais along its route, each approximately 25 km apart. The construction of this royal road and the establishment of these caravanserais are evidence of Dariush’s power in the administration and development of the country.

Other Important Actions of Darius

The minting of gold coins by Darius shows the economic power of the Achaemenid Empire during his reign. Dariush built the Suez Canal to connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea to ensure Iran’s economic stability and facilitate economic relations with other countries, as well as the smooth passage of commercial ships.

Darius organized his vast political territory by dividing it into 22 satrapies. He began to gather forces to organize the army and provide manpower. In this regard, Dariush used the military and security forces and established the “Javidan,” an elite force. The Javidan of Darius had a population of 10,000, of which 4,000 were cavalry, who were responsible for protecting the royal palace.

Darius established a network of couriers throughout the empire, gathering news from every corner and bringing it quickly to the center of the empire. These couriers handled highly classified and confidential information with great care.

Achaemenid Empire Flag

Historical studies and archaeological evidence show that before the reign of Cyrus the Great, the symbol drawn on the Iranian flag was the symbol of a winged cow. This ancient symbol, known as “Derafsha,” is known as the first flag of Iran. With the emergence of the reign of Cyrus the Great, the image on the flag was transformed and replaced by the image of a bird of prey. Some historians know this bird as “Shahbaz,” a legendary bird that is mentioned in mythology as the savior of the Aryans and their guide to the land of Iran.

Achaemenid Meaning

The word “Achaemenid” derives its meaning from the name “Achaemenes,” the fourth ancestor of Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) and the fifth ancestor of Darius. According to the inscription of Darius in Behistun, he knows his lineage as follows: “Achaemenes, Tispes, Ariarmenes, Arsames, Hystaspes, Darius”.

The word “Achaemenes” probably corresponds to the words “Hoch” in German and “High” in English, meaning high or elevated. Therefore, “Achaemenid” can be understood as “high-minded” or “noble-minded.”

Achaemenid Empire Map

Among all the dynasties that ruled the land of Iran throughout history, few of them were geographically bigger than the others. The first rank in this regard belongs to the Achaemenid Empire. The Achaemenid Empire ruled over 44% of the known population and geography of its time. In simple words, during the peak of Achaemenid power, almost one out of every two people on earth was considered a citizen of the Iranian territory.

Iran reached its largest geographical extent during the Achaemenid period, especially during the time of Darius the Great.

At this time, Iran’s borders extended from the Jaxartes River in the east to the Indus River and northern India, from Greece and Egypt in the west to northern Russia, and from southern Russia to Yemen in the south. After the Achaemenids, the Sassanids and later dynasties such as the Parthians, Ilkhanids, Safavids, and Afsharids were among the largest empires in Iran, which greatly expanded the borders of Iran but never reached the geographical extent of the Achaemenids.

Achaemenid Pronunciation

To pronounce “Achaemenid” correctly, break it down into sounds: [UH] + [KEE] + [MUH] + [NID]. Say each sound out loud and emphasize them until you can say them consistently. Record yourself saying “Achaemenid” in complete sentences, then watch and listen. That way, you can more easily spot any mistakes you make.

Persepolis City

Persepolis, also called Takht-e Jamshid, is known throughout the world as a symbol of Persian civilization in Iran. The Persepolis complex near Marvdasht of Shiraz in Fars province shows the architectural splendor and greatness of the palaces of the ancient kings of Iran. During the peak of their power, the Achaemenid kings built their stone palaces in the mountains near the city of Shiraz, intending to leave a clear image of their vast dominion for posterity.

The construction of Persepolis, one of the oldest cities in Iran, was started almost 25 centuries ago at the foot of the Rahmat mountains by Dariush Achaemenid. Countless architects and artists participated in the construction of this historical place with male and female workers. However, what adds value to Persepolis in history is the behavior of the Achaemenid kings with workers who were compensated according to their labors, which shows the ancient Iranians’ respect for work.

Based on existing inscriptions, the construction of Persepolis, an ancient city located in modern-day Iran, spanned across roughly 120 years. The Achaemenid rulers who commissioned its construction were known for their distinct cultural contributions, which ultimately led to the recognition of ancient Iranian civilization on a global scale.

Persepolis Meaning

Persepolis is known globally as “Persepolis,” a name derived from Greek. The columns, capitals, reliefs, palaces, and gates remaining in the Persepolis complex are among the most famous works of civilization around the world. The ancient site of Persepolis, also known as the “Land of Parsa,” is a significant draw for tourists visiting Shiraz from all over the world. The complex’s rich historical and cultural significance piques the interest of visitors year-round.

Cyrus Cylinder

The Cyrus Cylinder is a clay cylinder that dates back to 538 BCE and contains the decree of Cyrus the Great. It is written in Akkadian cuneiform script. Discovered in 1879 in the Temple of Marduk in the city of Babylon, this cylinder is now kept in the British Museum. In the Cyrus Cylinder, Cyrus details the conquest of Babylon and shows his respectful treatment of its inhabitants.

Naqsh-e Rustam

The Naqsh-e Rustam site, which is located near Shiraz in Marvdasht, is famous for its historical importance, especially in the Achaemenid, Elamite, and Sasanian periods. Its importance in the Achaemenid era is the presence of four rock tombs in Mount Rahmat. These tombs belong to four Achaemenid kings: Cyrus the Great, Darius the Great, Xerxes I, and Artaxerxes I.

The tomb of Darius the Great in this place was built using Urartian stone cutting techniques, which showcases the creativity of Darius and his architects in both exterior and interior design. Remarkably, no similar example has been found in the contemporary cultures of Egypt, Babylonia, or other cultures of the Achaemenid period.

Pasargadae

The Pasargadae World Heritage Site is one of the architectural wonders of the Achaemenid era. It is a UNESCO-listed historical site, widely known by tourists around the world, and attracts many foreign visitors every year.

Pasargadae, in addition to the building known as the tomb of Cyrus, includes palaces and other ancient monuments. However, the most important of these works is the same structure associated with the tomb of Cyrus. This building, which is also known as the tomb of Solomon’s mother, was built around 540 BCE.

Final Word

The Achaemenid Empire, which is also known as the first Persian empire, was a powerful civilization that ruled a vast land in ancient times. Its most famous rulers, such as Cyrus the Great and Darius the Great, left lasting legacies with their architectural achievements, administrative reforms, and cultural advances. The capital of the empire, Persepolis, stood as a symbol of its greatness and complexity. The Achaemenid Empire played an important role in shaping the history of the ancient world with its efficient governance, extensive road networks, and cultural exchanges, a historical building that will remain forever.

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd is situated in the center of Yazd, Iran. It is also known as Masjed-e Jameh of Yazd. It’s more than just a place of worship. It’s like stepping into a richly detailed storybook of history and culture. So, what makes this mosque so unique? Well, firstly, it’s stunning. Its walls are decorated with bright tiles with detailed patterns, which amazes visitors and takes them into a world of mesmerizing art. Today, people from all over the world come to visit the Jameh Mosque of Yazd, as it is one of the top things to do in Yazd city. They’re attracted by its beauty, history, and peaceful vibe. It’s a place that really sticks with you after you’ve been there.

Yazd Jameh Mosque

Inside, there’s a large courtyard with a pool in the middle. Surrounding this courtyard are halls and areas where people can gather for prayer and community events. It’s a peaceful and thoughtful place, perfect for thinking. However, the Jameh Mosque is not just an architectural wonder; it also serves as the heart of the local community. A place where people gather together not only to pray but also to celebrate and connect with one another.

And if these walls could talk! The Jameh Mosque has seen many years of history, from wars and takeovers to the building and breaking of empires. Even though a lot of time has passed, it’s still a sign of strength and toughness.

Jameh Mosque of Yazd History

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd has a really long history, almost over a thousand years! It was built in the 12th century when there were kings and great empires, starting during the Seljuk dynasty’s rule. Since then, the mosque’s story has been closely connected to Yazd’s history. This city is famous for its Persian culture and Islamic learning.

During its long history, the Jameh Mosque has been changed and made more spacious many times. Each time, it got better and more stunning. From the time of the Seljuk dynasty to the Mongol and Timurid periods, different rulers made their own improvements to the mosque, adding special things to its design.

During the 16th century, a great part of the mosque’s history was when the Safavid dynasty ruled, a time when Yazd had a cultural revival, and the Jameh Mosque became a hub for religious and intellectual discussions. Scholars and religious thinkers came together here to discuss important topics and make progress in the study of Islam.

In the 18th century, when the Qajar dynasty was in charge, they made more changes to the Jameh Mosque, making it even more impressive. They did a lot of work to make it look outstanding, like adding tall towers and massive domes.

Even though a lot of time has passed and the mosque has faced many challenges throughout history, it still stands strong. It has seen the rise and fall of empires, wars, and significant changes, but it remains an important symbol of tradition and strength in Yazd.

Today, people who visit the Jameh Mosque aren’t just looking at a fascinating building, they’re also connecting with the history of many years ago. They’re surrounded by Iran’s rich cultural history, and the mosque is like a guide to the past. It welcomes visitors from all over the world to come and see its lasting impact for themselves.

Jameh Mosque of Yazd Timing & Address

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd, a famous place in the city, invites people to discover its remarkable history and beautiful architecture. Jameh Mosque of Yazd address is easy to find. Jameh Mosque of Yazd is located right in the middle of Yazd. So it’s easy for both locals and tourists to reach it. It’s a place you shouldn’t miss if you want to learn about Iran’s culture and history.

If you’re planning to visit Masjed-e Jameh of Yazd, it’s good to know when the Jameh Mosque is open. The mosque usually welcomes visitors during regular hours, giving you plenty of time to explore. Whether you like to start your day early with some quiet time or prefer to visit in the afternoon for a peaceful experience, there’s always time for everyone to enjoy the mosque’s beauty.

As you head to the Jameh Mosque of Yazd, take a moment to enjoy the city’s unique charm and lively atmosphere. Yazd has narrow streets, traditional mud-brick buildings, and busy markets. Among all this, you’ll find the Yazd Jameh Mosque, a peaceful place where you can connect with your thoughts and spirituality. So find your best time to visit the Jameh Mosque of Yazd, and get ready to explore the Jameh Mosque of Yazd and its rich history.

Jameh Mosque’s Windcatchers

Did you know that the Yazd Jameh Mosque has something exceptional that makes it different from other mosques? While people often talk about how beautiful and important the mosque is, it also shows how clever and strong Persian builders were.

One interesting fact about the Jameh Mosque is its special windcatchers, called “badgirs” in Persian. These are traditional structures used for getting cool air into buildings, especially in hot places like Yazd’s desert climate.

The windcatchers at the Jameh Mosque aren’t just practical, they’re also captivating. They’re tall structures on the mosque’s roofs, kind of like massive chimneys. They’re decorated with fancy designs, showing how skilled the people who built them were. These windcatchers have been really important for keeping the mosque cool for many years. They make sure that people who come to pray or visit can feel comfortable, even when it’s really hot outside. This shows how clever ancient Persian architects were at working with the environment around them.

Today, people are still amazed by the windcatchers at the Yazd Jameh Mosque. They give us a peek into how smart ancient people were at dealing with tough situations like the weather. When visitors come to the mosque, they can look at these fascinating structures and be impressed by how they were made. They can also learn about why they’re so important for Yazd.

Jameh Mosque of Yazd Architecture

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd shows off the amazing skill and brilliance of Persian-Islamic architecture. Its detailed design and graceful structure have impressed people for a long time.

One of the best things about the mosque is its stunning tilework on the walls, minarets, and domes. These tiles are carefully made, usually in blue and turquoise colors, creating a beautiful pattern of designs and writing. They show off Iran’s rich history of artistry.

When you walk into the mosque’s courtyard, you see a mix of different architectural features that all go well together. The tall minarets have fancy geometric patterns on them and reach up high into the sky. Also, there are walls with fancy designs carved on them that make the place look even more impressive.

Inside the mosque, you’ll see even more beautiful architecture. The prayer halls have really fancy painted ceilings and special places for prayer called mihrabs. It’s a peaceful place where people can pray and reflect quietly. Also, there’s a courtyard in the center of the mosque with a covered walkway and a pool that reflects the surroundings. It’s a calm and peaceful spot in the middle of a busy city.

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd stands as a remarkable testament to Persian-Islamic architecture. Inspiring awe and admiration with its exquisite tilework, majestic minarets, and serene courtyards, it serves as a timeless symbol of Iran’s rich cultural heritage, inviting visitors to experience its enduring legacy firsthand.

Conclusion

To sum up, the Jameh Mosque of Yazd, also known as Masjed-e Jame of Yazd, is a timeless symbol of Iran’s rich culture. Its beautiful architecture and peaceful atmosphere attract visitors from all over the world. Being one of Iran’s oldest mosques, it shows how important Islamic architecture is and tells the story of Yazd’s lively past.

Whether you’re admiring its detailed tilework or finding peace in its quiet courtyards, visiting the Jameh Mosque of Yazd is like taking a trip back in time. It’s a special place that keeps Iran’s cultural traditions alive for future generations.

If you plan to visit Iran, here is the link to Iran visa and our Iran tours.

Iran has a rich history of cinema that has been greatly influenced by its talented actors. In this article, we will take a closer look at the top 10 Iranian actors of all time. These actors have made significant contributions to Iranian cinema over the years and continue to make an impact on the industry today. Here are the top 10 Iranian actors of all time.

Mohammad Ali Fardin

The first on our list is Mohammad Ali Fardin, born on January 14, 1931, in Isfahan, Iran. Fardin began his career as a professional wrestler and quickly gained fame in the 1950s. Fardin transitioned to acting in the late 1950s, making his movie debut in (The Lor Girl) in 1958. Some of his notable movies include Ganj-e Qarun, King of the Hearts, Prince Arsalan, and Gedayan-e Tehran.

He is considered the savior of Iranian cinema because Iranian movies did not sell well in those years, while Indian and Hollywood movies did. Mohammad Ali Fardin was not only a successful actor but also a cultural icon in Iran. He passed away on April 6, 2000, in Tehran, leaving behind a legacy that continues to be celebrated in Iranian cinema.

Behrouz Vossoughi

Behrouz Vossoughi is often referred to as the “King of Iranian Cinema” due to his significant contributions to the Iranian movie industry. Vossoughi began his acting career in the late 1960s and became one of the leading actors in Iranian cinema during the 1970s. Vossoughi’s performances were often characterized by his ability to portray complex characters with depth and emotion. Qeysar, The Deer, Toughi, Sooteh-delan, and Fellow Traveler are his most important movies of all time. Since he left Iran in 1979, he’s been involved in various international projects, mostly in the United States.

Ezzatollah Entezami

Ezzatollah Entezami’s filmography includes a wide array of notable works such as “The Report” (1977), “The House Is Black” (1962), and “The Grand Cinema” (1988). His commitment to the craft of acting and his ability to bring depth to his characters contributed significantly to the development of Iranian cinema. Also, He was particularly known for his roles in films that explored social and humanistic themes. One of his most iconic performances came in the movie “The Cow” (1969), directed by Dariush Mehrjui. See the top 10 Iranian movies played by some of these actors.

In this film, Entezami plays the lead role of Hassan, a villager who becomes emotionally attached to his cow. His nuanced and powerful performances earned him international acclaim, and he received numerous awards for his work, including the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 5th Berlin International Film Festival in 1955 for his role in (The Blood of the Poet).

Ali Nassirian

Ali Nassirian (born on March 4, 1935) was a highly respected Iranian actor, director, and writer known for his significant contributions to Iranian cinema and theater. Ali Nassirian’s impact on Iranian cinema and the arts community was substantial, and he was considered one of the pillars of the industry. His career spanned several decades, including a variety of roles and projects that left a lasting mark on the cultural aspect of Iran. He has acted in many Iranian series, including Shahrazad, The Forbidden Fruit, Sarbedaran, and Hezar Dastan.

Khosrow Shakibai

Born on March 27, 1944, in Tehran, Iran, Shakibai played a significant role in shaping Iranian cinema during the 1970s and 1980s. He is the Hamoun of Iran Cinema because of his role in the Hamoun movie directed by Dariush Mehrjui. Tragically, Khosrow Shakibai passed away on July 18, 2008, at the age of 64. Despite his relatively short life, his impact on Iranian cinema is remembered, and his legacy continues through the movies and performances he left behind. We can mention some of his notable movies like Strange Sisters, The Night Bus, The Boss, and The Verdict.

Parviz Parastui

Parastui is one of the top 10 Iranian actors, who has established himself as one of the most versatile and respected figures in the Iranian movie industry. Parastui has collaborated with several prominent Iranian directors, contributing to the success of numerous movies. One of his notable roles was in the movie “The Circle” (2000), directed by Jafar Panahi, which won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. Parviz Parastui’s career continues to thrive, and his dedication to the craft of acting has solidified his status as one of the preeminent actors in Iranian cinema. His performances continue to be celebrated for their authenticity and emotional resonance.

Shahab Hosseini

Shahab Hosseini, born on February 3, 1974, is a highly regarded Iranian actor known for his exceptional talent and captivating performances. One of Hosseini’s breakthrough moments came with his role in Asghar Farhadi’s film “A Separation” (2011), where he portrayed the character of Hojjat. He has many successful collaborations with the Top 10 Iranian Movie Directors.

His compelling performance earned him the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the Berlin International Film Festival, marking a milestone in his career. Shahab Hosseini’s filmography includes a variety of acclaimed works such as “About Elly” (2009), “The Salesman” (2016), and “The Night” (2019).

Peyman Maadi

Peyman Maadi is known for his powerful and emotionally resonant performances, often portraying complex characters with depth and authenticity. His breakthrough role came in the critically acclaimed film “A Separation” (2011), directed by Asghar Farhadi, where he played the character of Nader, a role that earned him the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the Berlin International Film Festival. Peyman Maadi established his position in Iranian cinema by acting in the films Life and a Day and Law of Tehran.

In addition to his success in Iranian cinema, Maadi has expanded his career to include international projects. He appeared in films such as “Camp X-Ray” (2014) and “Last Knights” (2015), showcasing his versatility on a global scale. Apart from acting, Peyman Maadi has ventured into directing and screenwriting. His directorial debut, “The Snow on the Pines” (2012), received critical acclaim for its exploration of complex social issues.

Navid Mohammadzadeh

Navid Mohammadzadeh rose to prominence with his role in the critically acclaimed film “Correction Class” (2014). However, he gained widespread international attention for his performance in “No Date, No Signature” (2017), directed by Vahid Jalilvand, which earned him several awards, including the Best Actor award at the Venice Film Festival.

His performances are often praised for their depth and authenticity, making him one of the notable figures in the new generation of Iranian actors. Mohammadzadeh sinks well into his roles. Along with Peyman Maadi, he has shown his acting ability well in the films Life and a Day and Law of Tehran. He recently married Fereshteh Hosseini, his co-star in the Frog series, and continues his successes in the world and Iran.

Hootan Shakiba

Hootan Shakiba is one of the promising Iranian Actors of the new generation of Iranian actors. He gained fame in the cinema for playing the role of Abdulhamid Rigi in When the Moon Was Full. He won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor for this role. Before he started working in cinema, we saw him in TV and theater.

He played the role of Habib in the Bachelors series and caught the eyes of the viewers. Hootan Shakiba continued his cinematic success with the films Pinto and Conjugal Visit. He also worked with Iraj Tahmasab in the Mehmooni series, the voices of the Bache and Shabash are his.

Last Word

Overall, Iranian cinema owes a great deal of its success to the contributions of these talented actors. Their performances have helped to shape Iranian cinema and continue to inspire new generations of actors and filmmakers.

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In the heart of the city of Khorram Abad stands Falak-ol-Aflak, a prominent ancient castle belonging to the Sasanian Empire, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. Falak-ol-Aflak Castle is one of the most esteemed historical monuments left intact from ancient Iran. This castle was used as a prison and a governmental fortress. Nonetheless, Falak-ol-Aflak Castle was also the residence of many rulers from various periods, such as Sassanid, Buyid, Safavid, and Qajar. If you are interested in this historical treasure, stick with us for more.

Falak-ol-Aflak History

Since the distant past, Lorestan province was the focus of many Iranian rulers due to its abundant springs and watercourses and lush nature. The renowned historical castle, situated in the center of Khorram Abad city of Lorestan province, is built on top of a hill by a river overlooking Khorramabad.

Falak-ol-Aflak Citadel (Shapur Khast)

How old is the Falak ol-Aflak Castle? The castle dates back to the Sassanid era. During the Sassanid period, “Shapur I” ordered the construction of a city called “Shapurkhashat” in the area now called Khorramabad city. Flak ol-Aflak Citadel is the Shapurkhashat Fortress, which was used for government and military purposes during that period and was even used as a prison for Roman prisoners.

In 300 AD, the government fortress or prison of Falak-ol-Aflak Castle became the seat of the ruler of Lorestan Hasanwayh of the Hasanwayhids dynasty (a powerful Shia Kurdish dynasty). This castle was used again during the time of Buyid period, and the rulers and royal families used Falak-ol Aflak as a treasury. Moreover, during the Qajar period, the castle was rebuilt, and during the Safavid, Qajar, and even Pahlavi periods, Falak-ol Aflak was used as military barracks and a political prison.

The castle was used as a prison until 1968, and later in the era of the Pahlavi dynasty, Falak-ol Aflak was transformed into a museum complex for visitors.

Falak-ol-Aflak Architecture

Falak-ol Aflak boasts an intricate structure with deep hidden meanings behind it and is truly an architectural masterpiece of Iran. The reason for building Falak ol-Aflak castle high above the city of Khorram Abad is that it is made with different materials like stone and wood that are vulnerable to humidity. This allowed the wind to penetrate the building and dry its foundations.

The Brickwork

The overall shape of the citadel is a pentagon, and its towers have different measurements. The walls of the castle are made of limestone and moisturized organic materials. Simple brickwork can be seen on all surfaces and facades. There are no plaster or tile decorations in any part of Falak-ol Aflak Castle.

To further protect the walls of the castle, wooden coiling is used. Even though the brickwork looks simple, the bricks are stacked like a rhombus and in an intricate fashion. Some underground passages have been dug inside the castle to drain water. The tallest wall in this castle is 33 meters and has an irregular octagonal plan.

The Moat

In the establishment of the ancient castles of Iran, the method of construction of defensive fences was significant in the architecture of the monuments. The castle has been used as a government fortress in different historical periods. For this reason, the defense walls of the river coastline in the southeast, with an area of ​​10 hectares, have surrounded this fortress. The Khorram Abad River also protected the fortress, serving as a moat in the southern part of Falak-ol-Aflak castle.

The Gates

Two main gates of Falak-ol Aflak named “Gerdab” leading to the Kermanshah Caravanserai and “Khuz” on the right path of Khorram Abad River were the entrance roads to Khorram Abad city.

Three gates named “Darwaze Shahr” and “Darwaze Pol” on the northern part of the castle and “Darwaze Qal-e” In the south of the fortress provided access to the castle.

The Interior

The entrance of Falak-ol-Aflak Castle has two large brick towers, and an archway is located in the northwest part of this area. The architectural style of this part of the castle belongs to the period of the Qajar Dynasty. The guard rooms, the entrance hall, and the first tower of Falak Al-Aflak Castle are situated in this section.

There are several buildings constructed within the citadel, and one of the buildings is referred to as Golestan Mansion, where the Andaruni (women’s quarters or Harem), courtyard, bathrooms, mosque, gunnery, and Divankhana were located. This building was considered the only two-story building in this castle that had an entrance to the castle from the outside.

By passing through the entrance and the vestibule, you will reach the first courtyard of the castle. In the southern part of the first courtyard, a row of buildings can be seen, which were rebuilt after the destruction of the second tower. Beyond these buildings, there is a rectangular building with six columns that hold a dome on the roof of the monument.

The 12 Towers of Falak-ol Aflak

If you take a look at Falak-ol-Aflak Photos, you will not see these 12 towers. Archaeological studies have identified the existence of twelve towers around the current construction. There were 14 towers in the corner of the citadel, two of which were watchtowers.

The secret behind the 12 towers is that each tower was associated with each 12 zodiac signs. However, of these twelve original towers, only two of them have remained and are situated northwest and southwest of the surviving fortress.

The Mystery of Falak-ol-Aflak

Flak Al-Aflak Castle is one of the most mysterious ancient monuments from different historical periods, and archaeological excavations and experts’ investigations over time have proved that the castle bears many secrets.

One of the most important factors in the construction of ancient castles was the proper access to drinking water sources for the inhabitants of the castle. Experts have come across traces in Falak ol-Aflak Khorramabad that strengthen the possibility of the existence of an aqueduct under it. Although this hypothesis has not been proven yet, it cannot be completely neglected.

The well of this castle is shallow, and the original constructors have dug it vertically. The depth of this well reaches more than 40 and a half meters, which is located in the northeast of the first courtyard, behind the long arch. Today, the source of the water of this well is said to be the surrounding river, but there is also the possibility of an aqueduct.

Falak-ol-Aflak Museum

One of the halls of the Flak Al-Aflak Museum displays the statues of the masters of traditional professions of ancient Lorestan. Visiting this section shows the skills of Lorestan masters in making handicrafts. In the halls, indigenous and nomadic weavings and replicas of Lorestan women weaving carpets and curtains are displayed very elegantly. But one of the most beautiful parts of this museum is its music hall, which shows the close connection between music and the people of this region.

In this section, all kinds of traditional instruments of Lorestan, such as Sorna, Karnay, and Dozaleh, and various percussion instruments of this region, such as Dohol, and stringed instruments, such as Tanbur and Kamancheh are exhibited in the Museum of Falak-ol Aflak.

Falak-ol-Aflak Ticket Price

Falak-ol Aflak Castle is open from 9 Am to 8:30 Pm. The castle is closed on public holidays. Please note that apart from the entrance fees, tickets to museums of the castle are sold separately to visitors. Museums are closed on Mondays.

The entrance fee for Foreigners is 1,500,000 Rials/ 150,000 Tomans.

Final Word

This ancient Falak-ol-Aflak Castle is a popular tourist attraction of Khorram Abad. This historical building is considered one of the most important and valuable historical works of Khorram Abad, with its magnificent architecture that has been preserved since the Sassanid period. Today, this castle has become a museum and welcomes many visitors from all over the world. You can visit this castle and discover about the works of the ancients and learn about the culture of the people of Lorestan. In addition, you can also watch the spectacular view of Khorram Abad city from the top of this castle.

If you plan to visit Iran, here is the link to Iran visa and our Iran tours.

Located in the historical city of Kerman is the renowned Keshit waterfall. Keshit Golbaf waterfall of Kerman is one of the most spectacular natural phenomena, which is located 24 miles from Shahdad city in the Golbaf district. This waterfall has created a wonderful view next to the desert landscape of the region. Keshit waterfall is located in a valley bearing the same name and is the product of the rivers that meander in the heart of the desert.

About Keshit Kerman

Due to the presence of this serene waterfall, Keshit Valley has become a green place and is full of trees that cast their shadow on the landscape. The height of the Keshit waterfall reaches 12 meters, and around it, there is special flora, such as flowers and ferns.

The high-pressure flow of this natural phenomenon has formed a beautiful pond whose area reaches 600 square meters. Keshit Waterfall has a height of 12 meters. The water of this waterfall is sweet and falls into the abovementioned large and deep natural pond. The locals call this pond “Darya,” which means sea in Persian.

This natural Keshit pond is home to Red Garra fish, which are also known as nibble fish or doctor fish. These small and harmless aquatic animals mainly feed on the dead parts of human skin; for this reason, in most spas, people use them to clean the dead skin of the heels.

Swimming in the clear and cool water of this natural pond and being around these tiny creatures help relieve your fatigue and stress. Interestingly, in this area, you will find a village and a historical castle inspired by the Bam citadel of Iran.

Observing the rocks and ferns grown around the waterfall, and the groves, fruits, and citrus trees of this area makes one wonder and harbor a deep love for this magnificent location. All this freshness and beauty is caused by the flow of rivers and waterfalls that have influenced the weather and climatic conditions of this region.

Keshit waterfall and its surrounding lands were located near the Silk Road of Iran in the past. Keshit bandits used to hide in this area and attack the caravans of merchants and travelers in the olden days. However, today, this place is considered one of the most relaxing places in Iran.

Although this region is considered an arid land, you will see that it is like no other desert you have ever visited, and this is because the type of plants and trees grown in Keshit are very unique in this area. The fruit trees, citrus trees, and groves around this area are not compatible with the weather and climatic conditions of the famous Lut desert, and typically, these trees depict an unreal and legendary landscape.

All this freshness and vitality in the middle of a dry desert without water and grass seems like an incredible miracle. There is a historical village near this waterfall, whose inhabitants welcome the tourists to Keshit with hearts as warm as the desert sun.

Keshit Waterfall Location

How to get to Keshit Kerman? There are several ways to get to the city of Kerman. You can either drive there by car or get a plane ticket by visiting the websites of tourism agencies and fly to Kerman. After reaching Kerman, you have to drive a 62-mile route to Kavir Lut. To reach this waterfall, you need to advance another 40 miles in the heart of the desert (Location on map).

Those interested in road and land trips can go to Shahdad city or Kerman, depending on their starting point, by train, bus, or private car, and later journey to the Lut Desert and Keshit Waterfall.

Keshit Waterfall History

In the core of the Lut desert, right under the hot sun and in the heart of a dry and barren plain, there lies a green, lush, and fantastic oasis. This dreamland was formed via the rush of the nearby rivers and resulted in the formation of the Keshit waterfall in a valley, which is also called Keshit.

This waterfall eventually turned into a large pond and a flowing river at its intersection with the ground. In addition, upon reaching the valley, these rivers flow through its wall and form an imaginary mirage.

Recreation in Keshit Waterfall Kerman

Diving: At the foot of this unique waterfall, a pond has formed naturally, where daredevils and adventurous tourists can experience an exciting dive from the height of the Keshit Valley. Even though this natural pool has different depths, don’t forget to consider the depth of your desired spot before diving.

Bathing with fresh water: Bathing in nature is one of the pleasures that cannot be missed. If you are one of those journeyers who love to step into a pond and make use of its freshness, you can experience a refreshing bath in the Keshit waterfall of Kerman. As mentioned earlier, in this natural pond, there are species of healing fish that eat the dry and dead skin of the body. Despite their healing properties, some people may not like to encounter these fish while bathing. So, be cautious when entering the pond.

Picnic: It is best to bring the necessary equipment for a relaxing picnic in this area and enjoy your excursion.

Photography: If you are interested in photography, Keshit waterfall, with its magnetizing nature and unique landscape, can add a treasure of beautiful and amazing waterfall photos to your photo album of memories. 

Keshit Waterfall Facts

Next to Keshit waterfall, there are no amenities for tourists or visitors, so it is better to bring a complete set of equipment and necessary supplies along with you when visiting Keshit. If you wish to access more facilities, you can go to the Keshit village, which is not very far from the waterfall.

Best Time to Visit Keshit Waterfall

The best time for you to trip to the enchanting waterfall of Keshit is early autumn to mid-spring.

Spring: According to the desert weather, early spring to late May can be a striking fresh spring opportunity to travel to Keshit waterfall.

Summer: Considering the scorching heat of the desert in summer, a trip to Keshit waterfall is not recommended in this season of the year.

Autumn: The season with thousands of colors! Autumn is the best time to visit the Keshit Waterfall.

Winter: The cold days of winter can also be a good choice for experiencing a different atmosphere and traveling to Keshit waterfall.

Accommodations in Keshit Waterfall

You can stay at Keshit Gulbaf waterfall in Kerman effortlessly. When traveling to Keshit Waterfall Kerman, you can choose one of the following options according to your preferences. You need to bear in mind that most rural houses in the area do not have legal permits. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of travelers and natives of the region, staying in these houses is not recommended.

We recommend:

• Ecotourism residences in Keshit village
• Rural Houses with Permits
• Camping

Final Word

Keshit waterfall is truly a flashing location of the Lut desert and adds to its many surprises. This waterfall, which is one of the tourist attractions of Kerman, is situated in the village also called Keshit in the southeast of Shahdad. If you are really fond of exciting natural recreations, you should visit the enthralling waterfall of Keshit Iran.

Are you planning to travel to Iran & look for an Iran travel agency? Check out our Iran tours. Here’s a free Kerman Virtual Tour for you!