Archive for category: Travel Blog

Airlines play a significant role in connecting people and goods across the world as well as facilitating international trade, tourism, and business. With the expansion of vast networks of routes and frequent flights, airlines offer passengers a convenient and relatively quick way to travel long distances while transporting cargo and mail. Does Iran have an Airline? Yes! Iran’s airline industry is a crucial sector of the country’s economy, with several major airlines operating domestically and internationally. Stay with us for more information about Iran Airlines and their destinations.

What Is the Famous Airline of Iran?

Among others, the main airlines in Iran include Iran Air, Iran Aseman Airlines, Mahan Air, and Kish Air. Iran Air is the largest and most notable airline, with a fleet of over 40 aircraft and a network of destinations spanning Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Even though the airline industry in Iran has faced several challenges in recent years due to international sanctions and economic pressures, it continues to play a vital role in connecting Iran to the global community.

IRAN AIR

Iran Air, with its main hub at Imam Khomeini International Airport in Tehran, is Iran’s flag carrier airline. The airline was established in 1946 and has a fleet of over 40 aircraft, operating to destinations in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Iran Air was formed from the collaboration of two airlines, Iranian Airways and Persian Airways, in March 1946. The original name of Iran Air was Iran’s National Airways, with the abbreviated title Homa. In the 70s, flights from Tehran to New York’s John F. Kennedy Airport were made with a stop at London’s Heathrow Airport, and Iran Air was one of the best airlines in the world at that time.

Iran Air currently has direct flights to more than 40 domestic and international destinations and transports more than 6 million passengers annually. The high quality of flights, security, diverse services, and professional personnel are why you have the advantage of booking Iran Air flight tickets for domestic and international routes.

Iran Air Airline

Despite facing international sanctions and limited resources, Iran Air has been working to modernize its fleet and improve its services in recent years.

The international flight destinations Iran Air currently offers are Istanbul, Ankara, Frankfurt, Najaf, Cologne, Karachi, Baku, and Kuwait, landing in London, Beirut, Kuala Lumpur, Mumbai, Munich, Milan, Paris, Dubai, Doha, Vienna, Rome, and Hamburg. Domestic destinations include: Tehran, Mashhad, Bandar Abbas, Birjand, Rasht, Nowshahr, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz, Urmia, Ahvaz, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kerman, Sanandaj, Yasouj, Abu Musa, Parsabad, Sari, Qeshm, Kish, Chabahar, Khorramabad, Gorgan, Khoi, Dezful, Rasht, Ramsar, Lar, Bejnor, Abadan, Bandarlange, Yazd, Zahedan, Birjand, Sahand, and Ardabil.

IRAN AIRTOUR

Iran Airtour is a private Iranian airline that was established in 1973, with its headquarters situated in Tehran, Iran. The airline operates both domestic and international flights, connecting major cities in Iran to destinations in the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Iran Airtour’s fleet consists of Boeing and Airbus aircraft, and it offers economy and business-class services.

Regardless of being a relatively small airline, Iran Airtour has a strong reputation for its comfortable flights, friendly staff, and competitive pricing. Among Asian countries, the airline provides foreign tours to China, Singapore, Malaysia, Turkey, the UAE, and India.

ASEMAN Airlines

ASEMAN Airlines is one of the oldest airlines in Iran after Homa. ASEMAN is an Iranian airline that provides flights to domestic and international destinations. The airline was first founded in 1980 by the merger of four airlines: Pars Air, Air Taxi, Air Service, and Hur Aseman. It is headquartered in Tehran, Iran. It operates a fleet of Airbus, Boeing, Fokker 100, and ATR 72 aircraft, offering economy and business class services. The airline’s logo is derived from a flying bird (Cranes), which, of course, is not far-fetched for this famed airline company.

Aseman Airline

ASEMAN Airlines has a strong presence in the Middle East and Central Asia, with popular routes to destinations such as Dubai, Sharjah, and Mashhad.

ASEMAN Airlines conducts flights to several destinations in the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. Its main hubs are located at Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport and Tehran Mehrabad International Airport. ASEMAN Airlines flies to 80 destinations, including cities and countries such as Doha, Kuwait, Dubai, Baghdad, Muscat, Bahrain, Syria, and Tajikistan in the Middle East, as well as cities in Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Armenia, India, Malaysia, and Turkey. In Europe, it operates flights to London, Paris, Stockholm, and Frankfurt.

MAHAN AIR

Although Mahan Airlines is not as old as Iran Air or Aseman, it has attempted to become popular among Iranians and foreigners. Mahan Airline holds most of its reputation and credibility for quality flights and aircraft that have ensured safety for its passengers so far. The airline started its operation in Kerman in 1992, now based in Tehran, Iran.

The Mahan airline company, with a large fleet and extensive cargo and passenger movement, is currently the largest airline company in the country that has daily and weekly flights to international destinations in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. This airline currently has 54 Airbus and Boeing aircraft. In addition to Tehran and Kerman bases, Mahan Airlines office is open in many major domestic and foreign cities to directly respond to their passengers.

The airline is known for its modern fleet and high-quality service and is a popular choice for both business and leisure travelers. Mahan Air is also a member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Mahan Air Airline

Mahan Air, a major Iranian airline, flies to numerous destinations across the world. Some of its key destinations include Middle Eastern cities such as Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Lahore, and Bahrain, as well as European cities like Istanbul, London, Paris, Vienna, and Stockholm. Mahan Air also serves cities in Asia, including Beijing, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Saint Petersburg, Ankara, Bangkok, Phuket, and New Delhi, as well as destinations in Central Asia, including Tashkent and Baku.

Additionally, the airline operates flights to several cities in South America, including Buenos Aires and Santiago, and offers services to several destinations in Africa, including Cairo.

QESHM AIR

Qeshm Air is among the most famous airlines in Iran, which was founded in 2012 and transports passengers on domestic and international routes. The company’s air fleet has 17 aircraft, including 4 Fokker 100, 5 Airbus 600-300, 5 RJ and 4 Airbus 320 aircraft. Qeshm Air flight tickets are offered to passengers in two flight classes, economy and business. The airline has always made significant progress during its years of operation and has become one of the best domestic airlines in Iran.

Qeshm Airlines has so far flown to 27 international destinations and 29 domestic destinations, and currently, its planes land in the airports of Tehran, Qeshm, Kish, Mashhad, Shiraz, Isfahan, Urmia, Tabriz, Kermanshah, Hamadan, Yazd, Bushehr, Ahvaz, Sanandaj, Bandar Abbas, Gorgan, Chabahar. International destinations of Qeshm Air are Dubai, Varna, Muscat, Izmir, Yerevan, Tbilisi, Almaty, Sparta, Bodrum, and Istanbul.

KISH AIR

Kish Air is one of the oldest and most famous airlines in Iran, which was established in 1991 with the aim of transporting passengers from Kish Island to different cities of the country. The airline specializes in flights to the Persian Gulf on the island of Kish. The airline also has daily and weekly flights on international routes such as Muscat to Shiraz.

Kish Air is known for its modern fleet, including Boeing 737s and Airbus A320s, and its high-quality service. Since 1997, gradually, this company has restored its worn-out air fleet and replaced its old planes with new and modern ones. Even though this airline is relatively small, it plays an important role in connecting Iran to the global aviation network.

ZAGROS Airlines

Zagros Airlines started operating in the Arvand Free Zone in Khuzestan province in 2004 with a Tupolev aircraft. The first international flight of Zagros Airlines was carried out in 2007 on the route from Tehran to Damascus, and after that, the flights of this airline were expanded to other foreign routes.

Zagros Airlines

Zagros Airlines has made great progress in recent years and is one of the best and largest airlines in Iran, with over 10 passenger planes. The airline was based in Tehran and offered domestic and international flights. Passengers can buy tickets for this airline in two flight classes, economy and business class, to different cities in Iran and the world.

Zagros Airlines fleet currently has 19 planes, including 11 Airbus 320 and 8 MD planes in its airlines to transport passengers. Despite being a relatively small airline, Zagros Airlines had a significant presence in the Iranian aviation market.

Tehran, Mashhad, Kish, Shiraz, Isfahan, Yazd, Ahvaz, Abadan, Bushehr, Qeshm, Mahshahr, Kerman, Kermanshah, Shahrekord, and Rasht are some of the domestic routes to which Zagros Airlines flies. Najaf, Baghdad, Tashkent, and Tbilisi are also international routes to which Zagros planes fly.

MERAJ Airlines

Meraj Airline is a newly founded airline in Iran, which opened its headquarters in Tehran in 2009 and has won many honors in the Iranian aviation industry in a short period during its years of activity.

In 2015, this airline managed to record the longest Iranian flight. This flight was carrying the diplomatic mission of Iran taking 17 hours from Sydney in Australia to Tehran. Currently, Meraj Airlines is the only domestic airline that has first-class seats on its flights, and Meraj passengers can use the quality flights of the airline on domestic and international routes with peace of mind.

In addition to first-class tickets, Meraj airline tickets are also sold in economy and business classes. The flights of this airline land in the airports of Tehran, Mashhad, Qeshm, Kish, Asalouye, and Isfahan cities within the country and the foreign airports of Istanbul, Dalaman, and Najaf cities.

ATA Airlines

Ata Airlines is one of the newest Iranian airlines that transports passengers to various domestic and international airports. The airline was founded in 2007 in Tabriz city in East Azarbaijan province.

ATA Airlines Iran

Ata Airlines has 11 airplanes in its airlines, providing services and transporting passengers on international and domestic routes, with one Boeing 737, 6 MD83 airplanes, three Airbus S series airplanes, and one Boeing 737 airplane.

The domestic flights of Ata Airlines are currently in the airports of Tehran, Tabriz, Urmia, Rafsanjan, Mashhad, Isfahan, Gorgan, Arak, Hamadan, Zanjan, Asalouye, Kermanshah, Birjand, Zahedan, Rasht, Sari, Bushehr, Chabahar, Qeshm, Kish, Bandar Abbas, Shiraz, Ahvaz, and Ardabil International landings are in Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Kazan, Najaf, Kuwait, and Kandahar.

CASPIAN Airlines

Caspian Airlines started its activity in 1992 to transport Iranian passengers on domestic routes and is one of the most famous Iranian airlines among air travel enthusiasts.

The flights of this airline are sold only in economy flight class. Caspian Airlines is one of Iran’s airlines that has a good repute for transporting passengers. This company currently has 9 planes for transporting passengers in its airlines, of which 6 are MD-8 planes. There are 2 Boeing B737-400 and one B737-500.

The flights of Caspian Airlines land in the airports of Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, Kish, Qeshm, Bandar Abbas, Dezful, Aslaviyeh, Rasht, Mahshahr, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Chabahar, and Abadan.

What Is the Low-Cost Airline in Iran?

The low-cost airlines in Iran are Taban Airlines, Chabahar Airlines, AVA Air, Pars Sky, and Karun Airlines, which operate as hybrid airlines, offering both low-cost and full-service flights. However, the most well-known low-cost carriers in Iran are Zagros and ATA Airlines, which operate domestic and international flights.

Final Word

The airline industry is highly competitive, with many major carriers vying for market share, and innovations such as in-flight entertainment, premium cabins, and loyalty programs have become standard features to enhance the passenger experience.

Air travel is always popular, especially for destinations within the country. There is always a high demand for air travel, and passengers on these routes use the flights of Iranian airlines. Iranian airlines are established inside Iran and fly to various cities in Iran and the world.

The Persian Blue domes of Iran are architectural marvels that show the creativity and artistic brilliance of Persian craftsmanship. For eras, these domes not only symbolize the rich cultural and historical heritage of Iran but also reflect the advanced engineering techniques and aesthetic sensibilities of the eras they were constructed in.

From the magnificent mosques of Isfahan to the timeless beauty of ancient mausoleums, Persian domes are characterized by their intricate tile work, geometric patterns, and harmonious proportions, showcasing their enduring legacy in Persian architecture. Let’s learn more about the Persian Domes of Iran.

Persian Domes History

The Persian Domes’ History dates back to ancient times, with their origins deeply rooted in the architectural advancements of the Persian Empire. Initially, these domes were constructed using simple techniques, but over time, they evolved into complex and stunning structures.

The Sassanian period, in particular, marked a significant development in Persian domes history, as architects began to experiment with larger spans and more elaborate designs. The use of squinches and pendentives allowed for the seamless transition from square bases to circular domes, setting a precedent for future Islamic architecture.

As Islamic influence spread across Persia, the Persian dome saw further evolution during the Seljuk and Safavid dynasties. These periods witnessed the incorporation of intricate tile work, calligraphy, and geometric patterns, which became defining features of Persian domes.

Dome of Soltaniyeh in Zanjan

The domes not only served religious purposes in mosques but also adorned palaces and mausoleums, reflecting the aesthetic and spiritual values of the time. Throughout the centuries, Persian Dome history has continued to inspire and influence architectural styles across the Islamic world, showing how Persian art and innovation have made a lasting impact.

Blue Domes of Iran History

The blue domes of Iran, often seen adorning the country’s mosques and mausoleums, are a significant symbol of Persian architecture. These domes, typically glazed in turquoise or cobalt blue tiles, date back to the Seljuk era (11th-14th centuries) and reached their zenith during the Safavid period (16th-18th centuries). The vibrant blue color symbolizes heaven and spirituality, enhancing the sacred atmosphere of religious sites. Notable examples include the Shah Mosque in Isfahan and the Goharshad Mosque in Mashhad, where these domes reflect Iran’s architectural ingenuity and its deep cultural and religious heritage.

Persian Domes Architecture

The Persian dome architecture is super famous for its incredibly detailed design and amazing engineering. It’s a cool mix of artistic creativity and really smart building techniques. One of the most distinctive features of Persian domes is the use of geometric patterns and vibrant tile work, which not only enhance the aesthetic appeal but also serve practical purposes such as weight distribution and thermal regulation.

The iconic double-shelled dome design, which is a key feature of Persian dome architecture, not only creates a visually stunning exterior but also provides an acoustically and aesthetically pleasing interior. This architectural brilliance has not only been appreciated but also imitated across the Islamic world, influencing numerous structures outside the borders of Iran.

Another key aspect of Persian dome architecture is the harmonious integration of form and function. The architects of the Persian Empire were masters at creating domes that were both structurally sound and visually captivating.

Persian architects showed off their skills by using techniques like squinches and muqarnas to switch from square bases to circular domes. Moreover, the placement of domes in religious and public buildings not only symbolized the heavens but also provided large, open spaces that were essential for congregational gatherings. The enduring beauty and technical brilliance of Persian dome architecture continue to inspire modern architects and remain a proud testament to Iran’s rich cultural heritage.

Types of Domes

When exploring the various types of domes, it’s fascinating to observe the diversity and creativity that different cultures have brought to dome construction. One of the earliest types of domes is the simple corbel dome, which uses overlapping stones or bricks to create a self-supporting structure. This method can be seen in ancient buildings such as the Ruins of a Zoroastrian Temple in Neyasar. Another prevalent type is the true dome, which relies on a continuous curve to distribute weight evenly.

Blue Domes of Iran

Among the many types of domes, the onion dome and the double-shelled dome are particularly notable. Onion domes, such as the Shah Cheraq Shrine in Shiraz, with a distinctive bulbous shape, add a unique visual flair to religious and public buildings. On the other hand, the double-shelled dome features an inner and outer layer, providing additional strength and allowing for grander designs.

Let’s add Persian Blue Domes to the main type of domes. Persian Blue Domes should be categorized as the most beautiful domes in Islamic architecture. The color blue exudes a profoundly positive aura, and gazing at it amplifies the positive vibes even further.

Each of these Types of Domes demonstrates how different architectural styles have evolved to meet both aesthetic desires and structural needs, reflecting the cultural and technological advancements of their times.

Blue Domes of Iran

When traveling to Iran, visiting the top domes is a journey through the country’s rich architectural legacy. The blue domes of Iran are among the most iconic and recognizable elements of Persian architecture, symbolizing the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of the region. These domes, adorned with intricate tilework and geometric patterns, crown mosques, shrines, and madrasas, reflect the artistic mastery and religious devotion of their creators. The deep, vibrant blue color, often associated with the heavens, creates a striking contrast against the arid landscapes of Iran, embodying both the infinite sky and the sacredness of the structures they adorn. 

Start with the stunning Shah Mosque in Isfahan, renowned for its marvelous blue-tiled dome epitomizing Persian Islamic architecture. Another must-see is the Dome of Soltaniyeh, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the largest brick domes in the world, showcasing the ingenuity of Ilkhanid-era architecture. Goharshad Mosque in Mashhad has the bluest dome, built during the Timurid Dynasty. Shah Cheragh Shrine in Shiraz has an onion dome in a shade of blue that is so majestic to look at.

Lastly, the Jameh Mosque of Yazd, with its towering dome and minarets, might night be fully blue but it offers a glimpse into the architectural brilliance of the Seljuk and Safavid periods. Each of these domes reflects a unique aspect of Iran’s rich cultural and historical tapestry, making them essential stops on any tour of the country.

What is the oldest dome in Iran?

The oldest dome in Iran is believed to be the Gonbad-e Qabus, also known as the Qabus Dome, which dates back to the early 11th century. Constructed in 1006-1007 AD during the Ziyarid dynasty, this monumental structure is located in the Golestan province of northern Iran.

Gonbad-e Qabus Photos

The Gonbad-e Qabus stands out with its towering height of about 53 meters, making it one of the tallest brick towers in the world. Its cylindrical shape tapers to a conical roof, showcasing early Persian engineering skills and architectural innovation. The dome is also renowned for its precise geometric design and inscriptions, reflecting the sophisticated artistry and technical prowess of its time.

Modern Persian Domes

Modern Persian Domes continue the rich tradition of Persian architectural innovation while incorporating contemporary design elements and materials. These structures often blend the classic beauty of traditional Persian domes with modern engineering techniques, resulting in domes that are both visually stunning and structurally advanced.

Architects of Modern Persian Domes frequently use materials like steel and reinforced concrete, allowing for greater flexibility in design and larger spans. These domes can be seen in a variety of buildings, from mosques and cultural centers to commercial and public spaces, showcasing the versatility and enduring appeal of this architectural form. The integration of advanced technologies with time-honored design principles ensures that Modern Persian Domes remain a prominent feature in Iran’s evolving architectural landscape.

Last Words

The Persian domes of Iran are exceptional architectural masterpieces that represent the country’s rich cultural and historical heritage. From the ancient Gonbad-e Qabus to the intricate designs of Isfahan’s mosques, these domes captivate the imagination and inspire awe. Their unique blend of artistic beauty and structural ingenuity makes them a must-see for anyone interested in architecture and history. We invite you to join our tours and experience the grandeur of these famous domes up close. Explore the vibrant history of Iran, where every dome tells a story of innovation, culture, and timeless elegance.

Illumination Manuscript, known as “Tazhib” in Persian, is a famous art in Iran. It has been used for many years to decorate buildings, books, works of art, and various objects. The fine details of this art have made it popular in industries such as printing and packaging. Some people think illumination is part of Persian miniature painting. However, its unique features have made it a separate art form over time. Iran has a long history and many great artists. Many Iranian artworks and handicrafts come from these artists.

If you want to learn about traditional Iranian arts and Illumination, read on. We will talk about the art of illumination, its uses, its different styles, and how it is different from miniature painting.

What is the Art of Illumination Manuscript?

The word “Tazhib” means “gilding” or “covering with gold,” and it comes from the Arabic word (ذَهَب) which means gold. The art of illumination includes designing, coloring, and gilding various motifs with geometric and plant motifs. These decorations are used to beautify the margins of handwritten books. These books include the Quran, religious texts, cultural and historical books, and collections of poetry. Illumination is a branch of Iranian miniature painting. An artist who deals with this art is called a “Mozheb.”

Types of Illumination Manuscript

Illumination is one of the most delicate Iranian arts and is a subset of visual arts. The designs are generally divided into three main patterns:

1. Islamic Patterns (Naghsh-e Eslami)
2. Khatayi Patterns (Naghsh-e Khatayi)
3. Tashir Patterns (Naghsh-e Tashir)

Art of Illumination

Islamic Patterns

Islamic patterns use geometric and regular shapes for illumination designs. These motifs often include Kufic script and are referred to as Islamic designs.

Khatayi Patterns

Khatayi patterns have interconnected flowers with intertwined stems and leaves. This type of illumination is often seen in the tile work of mosque entrances and historical monuments. Khatayi illumination became popular and reached its peak in the 12th century.

Tashir Patterns

Tashir patterns combine Islamic and Khatayi designs. This style often includes images of birds, animals, humans, and nature. Some designs also have mythical creatures. Tashir is also known as “Royanegari,” with famous designs, including animal fighting scenes. Tashir illumination is usually used in book designs, but animal motifs are not used in Quranic designs.

The dominant color in the Tashir style is gold. Other styles use a variety of colors derived from plants, minerals, and chemicals. Plant-based colors come from natural extracts such as walnut skin, tea, henna, and gum Arabic. Mineral colors are made from gold and other metals like silver, tin, lead, and copper. Different metal oxides create different colors. Chemical colors include oil paints, gouache, and watercolors.

Applications of Illumination Manuscript

Illumination has many branches, each used for different purposes. Some of the most famous uses of this art include:

Margin Illumination

Margin illumination involves the use of decorative patterns to frame pages of books, panels, or photos. This type is often used to decorate the Qurans, poetry collections, and historical books.

Persian Illuminated Manuscript Examples

The designs in margin illumination are very detailed, and the colors are chosen to complement the text or image. This branch is also widely used in the printing industry.

Decorating Calligraphy and Large Panels

In this method, different parts of the panel and spaces between letters and words are decorated to enhance the visual appeal of the calligraphy. It often includes floral, plant, and animal motifs. Many decorative panels are appreciated by art lovers in this category.

Designing Textile Patterns

Illumination artists create various geometric, floral, and animal designs for carpets, rugs, lovers, and other textiles. Wall painting is another application used to beautify traditional and historical spaces.

Tile Design and Restoration of Historical Works

One of the most common uses of illumination is tile design for buildings and restoring historical monuments. Despite advancements in architectural designs and new styles, traditional motifs are still popular in construction.

Printing and Packaging Industry

Different branches of illumination are used in the printing and packaging industry. For example, we can mention postcards and certificates of appreciation. Many shops sell illuminated works, and there are technical schools and vocational training programs that teach different branches of illumination. Many students study these subjects and find work in various market sectors.

Schools of Illumination

The art of illumination has different schools, which are divided according to historical periods. The styles and methods of illumination artists in various historical periods caused changes in their artworks. Each school of illumination is named after the ruling dynasty of its time and includes various sub-branches.

Illuminated Manuscript Art

These schools reflect the characteristics and states of the governments and artists of different historical periods. For example, artworks from the 10th century CE are known for their simplicity, while works from the 11th and 12th centuries CE are more cohesive. In the 13th and 14th centuries CE, illumination art became more luxurious and splendid. In the next two centuries, the 15th and 16th centuries CE, the art moved towards simplicity, delicacy, and increased elegance. Each historical period brought its own unique style to the art of illumination, which was influenced by the cultural, political, and social contexts of that time.

The different schools of illumination and their sub-branches are distinguished by diversity in designs, colors, patterns, and the arrangement of lines. For example, the Bukhara sub-branch of the Seljuk school commonly used dark and bold colors. The main schools of illumination are as follows:

Seljuk School

The most important feature of the Seljuk school of illumination is the use of Khatayi patterns instead of geometric lines. This style was widely used in religious books during this period and led to a shift from simple Kufic script to decorative Kufic, Thuluth, and Raqqa scripts.

Ilkhanid School (Tabriz)

During the Ilkhanid period, Tabriz was the capital and the main center for creating artworks in Iran. The kings and ministers of the Ilkhanid dynasty were great patrons of artists and the arts, leading to a flourishing of illumination. This school is also known as the “Tabriz School,” with many notable works remaining from Ilkhanid artists in this city. The Ilkhanid school is characterized by angular designs in illuminated works.

Ilkhanid period’s illumination has diverse star-shaped designs, such as eight-pointed and twelve-pointed stars in blue. The background of works from this period is often lapis lazuli, with large motifs. Manuscripts from the Ilkhanid period were written in broad Kufic script.

Timurid School (Herat and Shiraz)

The Timurid era is considered the peak period for the art of illumination. Sultan Baysunghur, one of the most famous Timurid rulers, had a great passion for illumination, calligraphy, and miniature painting and was skilled in these arts himself. He established a large library in Herat, where many artists began creating their works.

Illuminated Manuscript

Timurid or Harat school illumination is known for its delicate and intricate decorations. Illuminators of this period used motifs of plants, nature, and birds in their designs. The most beautiful examples of Timurid illumination are religious texts and Qurans dedicated to Timurid kings, including Sultan Baysunghur. Gold and lapis lazuli were extensively used, and the Tashir style emerged during this period. The Shiraz, Tabriz, and Khorasan branches are sub-schools of the Timurid school.

Safavid School

During the Safavid period, illumination art remained at its peak. The Safavid school is known for designing the first, middle, and last pages of historical and religious books with Islamic patterns, Shamsa (sunburst), and Toranj (medallion) motifs. Bejeweling, or “Morssa,” was also introduced in Safavid illuminated works. In Arabic, “Morssa” means “decorated with jewels.”

The Safavid school is famous for designing the first, middle, and last pages of historical and religious books with Islamic motifs, Shamseh, and Tanraj. Bejol or Mursa is also introduced in Safavid’s gilded works. Mursa in Arabic means decorated with jewels.

Safavid illumination is characterized by blue backgrounds with prominent gold and silver motifs and the use of green, white, blue, and red inside decorations. Books from this period were written in Nasta’liq script, and some Qurans were decorated with gold.

Qajar School

In the Qajar period, the art of illumination did not have the same splendor as in previous eras, but around 50 exquisite works from this period remain. These artworks are now housed in museums such as Reza Abbasi, Malek, Parliament, and Golestan Palace. Most examples of Qajar illumination are found on the first and last pages of religious books, with some interesting decorations in the middle pages.

Qajar illumination is notable for its use of fine, orderly textures created with a needle in the gilding of artworks, a technique known as “Sanajaqneshan.”

Final Word

The art of illumination, known as Tazhib in Persian, is a beautiful and complex tradition in Iranian culture. This art has evolved during various historical periods, each with its own unique style and characteristics. From the bold designs of the Seljuk school to the delicate and elaborate patterns of the Timurid era and the vibrant and luxurious decorations of the Safavid period, illumination has always reflected the artistic spirit of its time. Though the Qajar period experienced a decline in its grandeur, the legacy of illumination continues to inspire and fascinate art lovers around the world.

Many fire temples have been built in Iran, some of which are still standing; among them is the Zoroastrian Fire Temple of Kerman, which is the last fire temple of this province. Fire Temple and Museum of Zoroastrian Anthropology is considered the only Zoroastrian Anthropology Museum in the world without any competitors, which is very attractive and popular. The fire temple offers more than just one benefit.

When you visit this location, religious individuals and historians claim that the fire at its ancient fire altar is the identical sacred and unadulterated fire that was brought to Iran from the Varhram temple in India. In the following, we will explain in detail about this beautiful historical building.

Fire Temple of Kerman History

There are two different stories about the construction and establishment of this religious site. According to one of these narratives, the fire temple garden was previously the residence of “Jahangir Ashidari”; in 1951 (during the reign of the second Pahlavi), by making changes in the building inside the garden, this house was transformed into a fire temple. Jahangir Ashidari was a well-known Zoroastrian Mobed researcher and historian.

However, another story states that a person named “Jamshid Khodarahm Narsi Abadi,” a Zoroastrian merchant from India living in Mumbai, stayed in Kerman for a while. Narsi Abadi was a charitable and benevolent person who, while traveling through various cities in Iran like Sistan, Tehran, Kerman, and Yazd, tried to leave behind benevolent works.

During his stay in Kerman, he decided to build an inn for his fellow Zoroastrians in the city. Following this decision, he chose a green garden in the Zoroastrian neighborhood of the city, located opposite the great national Zoroastrian School, to establish the inn. He bought half of this property and built a fire temple and a place of worship on it.

The owner of the other half of the property also, after this decision and construction, donated his share along with Narsi Abadi’s in 1924, and they handed over the deed to the Zoroastrian Youth Association of Kerman.

Zoroastrian Fire Temple Building in Kerman

The Zoroastrian fire temple in Kerman is a brick building with three words inscribed on its entrance: “Humata, Hukhta, and Hvarshta,” meaning good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. You can see a similar structure at the Chak Chak shrine in Yazd.

Fire Temple of Kerman Photos

The initial structure of this fire temple was built on a 4,000 square meter plot and later expanded to 8,000 square meters with the effort and cooperation of dozens of Zoroastrian benefactors. It now includes an assembly hall, dining hall, library building, computer center, site support center for the association, the Iranian Zoroastrian Anthropology Museum, the association’s secretariat, a board of directors’ conference hall, and an educational building for religious classes. All of these are managed by the Zoroastrian Association of Kerman.

This beautiful and historic temple, situated next to a beautiful garden, provides a peaceful and energizing place for a half-day retreat. Visiting this temple, along with the Zoroastrian fire temple of Kerman, is a delightful experience.

The Building and Different Parts of the Fire Temple in Kerman

The Zoroastrian fire temple in Kerman is a brick building located next to a garden, which multiplies the peace of being in this temple. The restoration and renovation of the temple have been done by architectural experts from Kerman, making the fire temple more beautiful than before.

Zoroastrian Anthropology Museum has been built next to the Zoroastrian fire temple building in Kerman. The museum building was constructed and donated by Ms. Mahin Dokht Siavoshian. The objects in this museum are displayed on two floors: one floor is dedicated to cooking utensils, inscriptions, special Zoroastrian clothing, and old books, while the other floor is dedicated to the Fire Temple of Kerman photos. There is a staircase area between these two floors where household items and agricultural tools are kept.

Objects in Kerman Fire Temple & Museum

Each section of the Kerman Anthropology Museum displays objects that show various aspects of Zoroastrian customs and traditions. The items in the museum, collected with the help of Zoroastrian families, include household items and tools for lighting and cooking, which are not significantly different from those used by Muslims.

Among the oldest items in this museum is a handwritten book of the Gathas that is over 200 years old, and a hand-made fire holder dated 1207 is also on display.

Kerman Fire Temple Photos

The museum houses women’s clothing items dating back 50 to 150 years, as seen in Achaemenid to Sassanian documents, reflecting the attire of Zoroastrian women. The collection includes various garments such as the Makhna, lace headdress, scarf, embroidered coat, dress, and trousers.

Also, photos from the Naseri Association of Zoroastrians in Kerman and Rafsanjan, along with portraits of notable individuals like Arbab Keikhosrow Shahrokh, Mirza Borzo Amighi, Keshvar Khanom, and Purandokht, are exhibited in the museum’s photo and document section.

Moreover, the museum features various Zoroastrian fire holders, oil lamps, tallow lamps, and traditional lanterns. Another valuable item in the museum is a photograph of the National Assembly during the Qajar era, featuring Keikhosrow and Shahrokh, who were Zoroastrian representatives from Kerman in the assembly.

What is inside the fire temple?

Inside the fire temple Zoroastrianism, you will find the sacred fire altar where the eternal flame is kept burning, symbolizing the purity and presence of Ahuramazda, the Zoroastrian god. The flame is kept by the Mobadhas (Zoroastrian priests), who perform rituals and ceremonies to commemorate it.

Additionally, this fire temple contains religious works, sacred texts, and objects of historical importance for Zoroastrian society. Visitors can also explore a section of the museum that displays cultural and anthropological exhibits related to Zoroastrianism, providing insights into the history, traditions, and practices of this ancient faith.

Fire Temple of Kerman Location

The Zoroastrian fire temple is one of the famous places in Kerman, which is located on Zarisef Street (Shohada), at the beginning of Barzo Amighi Street. The fire temple is located in Mosafai Garden, which used to be the residential house of Jahangir Ashidari and has been transformed into a fire temple.

Fire Temple of Kerman address: Kerman Province, Kerman City, Moshtaghieh Square, Zarisef (Shohada) St., the beginning of Borzo Amighi St (Location on Map).

Final Word

One of the prominent attractions of Kerman city is the Zoroastrian fire temple and anthropology museum of this city. The Zoroastrian Anthropology Museum of Kerman is called the only Zoroastrian Anthropology Museum in the world. It is located in the Zoroastrian Fire Temple complex in Kerman. This museum includes separate sections where the objects collected by the founders of the museum and the cultural heritage of the time are kept behind glass in these sections.

Kerman Fire Temple and Museum of Anthropology is one of Kerman’s attractions and those interested in Zoroastrian history and culture can visit this historical place during their trip to Iran.

Chinese citizens can visit Iran! Iran Doostan has many Iran Tour for Chinese tourists. However, there is one important thing to know before planning an Iran tour, and that is the fact that Chinese travelers need to acquire a visa beforehand. The visa requirements and application procedures can differ, so it is advisable to verify the latest and most precise details from the Iranian embassy or consulate in China. Doing so will guarantee a seamless and trouble-free travel adventure for Chinese citizens.

Iran Tour for Chinese

Chinese travelers must make sure to thoroughly inquire about the specific visa they need, follow the application procedures diligently, and meet any extra requirements. Additionally, it is highly advised to stay informed about any travel advisories or restrictions that may be in place to guarantee the best travel experience.

It’s crucial to consult official government sources or seek help from the relevant authorities to obtain the most up-to-date and accurate information before planning any trip to Iran, as travel regulations are subject to frequent changes. Keep this in mind to ensure a smooth and safe travel experience. Don’t forget to check out our Iran Safety Blog for some peace of mind.

Please don’t hesitate to get in touch with our team of knowledgeable and experienced professionals if you have any questions or need further information. We are committed to offering assistance in any way we can and would be happy to assist you.

Is Iran Visa Free for Chinese?

Chinese citizens are required to obtain a visa before they visit Iran. So, an Iran tour for the Chinese is only possible with an Iran visa. It is essential to understand that travelers from China cannot enter Iran without a visa. As a result, it’s recommended that Chinese travelers who plan to visit Iran apply for a visa ahead of time to prevent any issues.

Chinese Tourists in Iran

Remember to submit all necessary documents, such as a valid passport, passport-sized photographs, and a filled-out application form, to the Iranian embassy or consulate in China in order to finalize the visa application process.

Confirming the current visa requirements is crucial, so it’s advisable to reach out directly to the Iranian embassy or consulate in China or refer to official government sources. Given that travel regulations can change, these actions will help you obtain the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Iran Tour for Chinese Packages

Here is some basic knowledge to know about Iran Tours for Chinese Package. The visa application process may be included in many tour packages to facilitate a smoother entry into Iran.

Tour packages to Iran usually come with a range of accommodations, from modern hotels to traditional guesthouses, providing tourists with a unique blend of contemporary and traditional Iranian hospitality. Meal plans are often included in tour packages, mainly breakfasts or a combination of breakfasts and dinners. The packages typically cover transportation within Iran, including domestic flights or overland travel between cities, and some tours even offer airport transfers.

The packages are inclusive of entrance fees to museums, historical sites, and other attractions specified in the itinerary. Our esteemed packages also come with guided tours led by English-speaking experts who are well-versed in major attractions and historical sites. These proficient guides provide unparalleled insights into the cultural and historical significance of the places visited, making your visit truly enriching and unforgettable.

Travel insurance may be offered as part of a package or as an optional add-on to ensure a safe and secure journey. Customization options are available to tailor the itinerary to specific preferences, providing maximum flexibility. In case of unforeseen situations or emergencies, 24/7 support services are available to provide immediate assistance.

Iran tour for Chinese

Things to Note:

It is imperative to thoroughly review the details of each tour package, including its inclusions and exclusions, cancellation policies, and any additional costs. Given the ever-evolving nature of the tourism industry and potential changes in travel regulations, it is advisable to obtain the most up-to-date information directly from the tour operator or travel agency offering the packages.

This will enable us to make informed decisions and ensure that we are providing our clients with the best possible travel experience.

Check out some of our Iran tours for chinese:

Iran and Qatar Cultural Tour (itinerary+info)

Safari Tour in Iran

Ski Tours in Iran: Climb Mt. Damavand

Scoprire le tradizioni culturali e culinarie Persiane!

Iran and Iraq Tour

Iran Astronomy Tour: Itinerary, Info, Photos

Iran Heritage Tour: Itinerary, Photos, Info

Iran food tour: Explore Persian foods in Iran culinary tour

Dizin Ski Resort Tour

Iran bird watching tour: birding tour in Iran

Rig-e Jenn safari tour

Qeshm Island tour

Iran Tour for Chinese Itinerary

It would be necessary to consider several factors when designing an Iran tour for Chinese tourists, such as the duration of the trip, the interests of the travelers, and logistical considerations. Our team of experts understands the needs of Chinese tourists and designs itineraries that cover a diverse range of cultural, historical, and natural attractions. We take pride in providing the best services through our tour operation, and we can guarantee an unforgettable experience for all our clients.

Things to Do on Iran Tour for Chinese

Iran is home to a variety of breathtaking landscapes, ranging from expansive deserts such as Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut to picturesque mountain ranges and scenic coastlines along the Caspian Sea. What truly sets Iran apart, however, is the unparalleled hospitality and friendliness of its locals. With a warm and welcoming demeanor, Iranian locals have the power to transform any tourist experience into a truly unforgettable one.

Don’t overlook the culinary treasures of Iran. Its cuisine boasts a wide range of bold flavors, from juicy kebabs to savory stews like Ghormeh Sabzi and Fesenjan, as well as a plethora of bread and rice varieties. You simply can’t miss trying some of the most iconic Persian dishes while engaging yourself in the vibrant cultural festivals of Iran, including Nowruz (the Persian New Year) and other local celebrations that highlight the nation’s rich traditions.

Where Do Chinese Tourists Go

Iran’s bazaars are renowned for their distinct ambiance and extensive selection of goods. Chinese tourists seeking to enhance their experience may find it worthwhile to explore these traditional markets and buy themselves some souvenirs. Some of the notable bazaars include the Tajrish Bazaar, Tehran Grand Bazaar, and Vakil Bazaar of Shiraz, among others.

Visit UNESCO Sites of Iran

Iran is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites that demonstrate the country’s historical and cultural significance. With a total of 27 UNESCO sites in Iran, it is evident that the country is steeped in a profound and diverse heritage. Depending on the type of tour preferred, visiting these sites may be limited. Nonetheless, some of the most popular UNESCO sites in Iran include Persepolis, Naqsh-e Jahan Square, and the ancient city of Yazd, which are all worth visiting by any discerning traveler.

Memories of Past Iran Tours for Chinese

Many Chinese Tourists have already visited Iran through our Iran Tours. Our travel agency has worked hard to plan the perfect Iran Tour for the Chinese Itinerary. We have many memory archives of our dear Chinese guests in Iran. You can watch some of the lovely memories left by our Chinese tourists on our YouTube Channel.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Iran is a country rich in history, culture, and natural beauty, offering Chinese tourists a unique and unforgettable travel experience. Chinese tourists can enjoy the warm hospitality of the Iranian people, savor the delicious flavors of Persian cuisine, and witness the vibrant traditions of this fascinating country. We invite Chinese people to discover the wonders of Iran for themselves and create memories that will last a lifetime.

If you have any further concerns or inquiries regarding your upcoming trip to Iran, please feel free to get in touch with us by emailing us at info@idt.ir to receive comprehensive information on any questions that you may have in mind.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran travel agency? Check out our Iran tours.